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Seed Yield and Quality of Rice as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization

Amina Khatun
Senior Scientific Officer
Rice Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

M. S. U. Bhuiya
Professor
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. A. Saleque
Chief Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nitrogen has influence on yield, seed quality and seed nutrient contents of rice. An experiment was conducted during Boro season (November- April) of 2009-10 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute experimental farm, Gazipur, Bangladesh, aimed to evaluate the effect nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and quality of Boro rice. The experiment involved two modern rice varieties – BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 and six nitrogen (N) rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha^-1. Seed yield increased significantly in a quadratic fashion with the increase of nitrogen rate both in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased seed yield by about 3-4 t ha^-1 compared to control in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. The highest yield of 5.15 and 6.34 t ha^-1 was obtained with 150 kg N ha^-1 in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29, respectively. However, the predicted economic optimum doses of N appeared as 156 and 158 kg ha^-1 for BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29, respectively. Nitrogen application to rice seed crop did not impair seed quality in terms of germination, viability, vigor and seed color. The application of N almost increased seed N concentration progressively both in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29. The seed phosphorus concentration varied from 0.30 to 0.41% in BRRI dhan28 and 0.28 to 0.36% in BRRI dhan29 among different N rates. The seed K % varied from 0.23 to 0.27% and 0.20 to 0.23% in BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29, respectively, among different N rates. The average seed protein % of BRRI dhan28 (6.59%) was significantly higher in comparison to BRRI dhan29 (5.68%) irrespective of N rates. Seed protein content slightly increased with the increase of N rates. Nitrogen application did not influence phosphorus and magnesium content. However, seed potassium slightly decreased with the N application.

Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa), Seed yield, Seed quality, N rate, Seed nutrient content

Location: BRRI Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To determine the optimum dose of N on yield and seed quality of boro rice in medium N soil
To determine the seed nutrient composition of rice under varying levels of nitrogen application.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted during boro season of 2009-10 at BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Two rice varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in the experimental field under fully irrigated conditions during boro season. These two varieties were transplanted in first week of January with 40-45 day-old seedlings and harvested in May. Two/three rice seedlings were transplanted maintaining 20 cm ´ 20 cm spacing. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Unit plot size was 5 m ´ 4 m. At maturity the crop was harvested manually at 15 cm above ground level, however, 16 hills from each plot were harvested at the ground level for yield components and total straw yield data. The grain yield was recorded at 12% moisture content and straw yield as oven dry basis. Treatments consisted of six N rates: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha^-1. Nitrogen was applied as urea in three equal splits: 20, 35 and 50 days after transplanting (DAT) for BRRI dhan28 and 20, 35 and 55 DAT for BRRI dhan29. Phosphorus, K, S and Zn were applied as triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate, respectively, during final land preparation as flat dose. The quality of the freshly harvested rice seeds were assessed by seed germination, seed viability and seedling vigour test. Seedling vigour was tested following two methods: 1) speed of germination and 2) seedling length measurement (Agrawal, 2005). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the measured parameters was performed and the treatment means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at the 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 18(1&2): 24-32, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BRRI dhan29 produced about 1.0 t ha^-1 more amount of seed ha^-1 than the BRRI dhan28, the N requirement for both the varieties appeared as 164 kg ha^-1. Nitrogen application to rice seed crop did not impair seed quality in terms of germination, viability, vigor and seed color. However, a slight difference in the nutrients (N, P, K and Mg) content due to N management resulted in little variation in the seed qualities of the tested varieties. Popular believes in the deterioration seed quality due to the application of chemical fertilizer seems to have little acceptability.

Knowledge Management: Journal