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Growth and Yield of Wheat Under Irrigation by Sugar Mill’s Wastewater

P. K. Kundu
Post-graduate Student
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

T. K. Acharjee
Lecturer
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Mojid
Professor
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The possibility of using sugar mill’s wastewater/effluent in irrigation was evaluated by investigating the effects of wastewater on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prodip). The experiment was conducted at North Bengal Sugar Mill site in Natore during December 2011 to March 2012. Three irrigation treatments (I₁: irrigation with fresh/tubewell water, I₂: irrigation with a mixture of fresh and wastewater at 1:1 ratio and I₃: irrigation with wastewater) under a main factor and three fertilizer treatments (F₀: no application of fertilizer, F₁: half dose fertilizer and F₂: full dose fertilizer) under a sub factor were evaluated. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Wheat was grown with three irrigations totaling 14 cm applied at 4, 26 and 43 days after sowing (DAS). Important growth and yield data of the crop were recorded. The highest grain yield of 1.829 t/ha was obtained under mixed water irrigation and the lowest grain yield of 1.469 t/ha was obtained under wastewater irrigation. The three irrigation treatments, however, provided statistically similar (p = 0.05) grain yield. For the interaction between irrigation and fertilizers, mixed water irrigation and full dose fertilizer application (I₂F₂) provided significantly higher grain yield (2.757 t/ha) than all other treatment combinations. The second highest yield, produced under freshwater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I₁F₂), was statistically similar to the yield under wastewater irrigation and full dose fertilizer (I₃F₂). Results of this experiment thus exposed good prospects of irrigating wheat by sugar mills’ wastewater.

Keywords: Wastewater, Irrigation, Wheat, Sugar mills

Location: North Bengal Sugar Mill (NBSM), Natore, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2011

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Water management, Wheat, Water management

Objectives:

To identify the sustainable irrigation with sugar mills’ wastewater in Bangladesh,.
To identify the wastewater as well as its impacts on growth and yield of crops needs to be evaluated..

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted by cultivating wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prodip) under irrigation by sugar mill’s wastewater during December 2011 to March 2012 at the site of North Bengal Sugar Mill (NBSM), Natore, Bangladesh (24.1833°N latitude and 88.9750°E longitude). The soil of the experimental field belongs to the Low Ganges River Floodplain (BARC, 2005) with bulk density, porosity, field capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity of 1.44 g/cm3, 63.17%, 46.71% and 0.20 cm/h, respectively. During the growing season of wheat, there was only 22.352 mm rainfall. Two factors – irrigation as the main factor and fertilizer as the sub factor (both factors with three treatments) – were evaluated in the experiment. The irrigation treatments were – I1: irrigation with fresh/tubewell water, I2: irrigation with mixed water (fresh water: wastewater = 1 : 1) and I3: irrigation with wastewater (raw wastewater). The fertilizer treatments were – F0: no application of fertilizer, F1: half dose fertilizer and F2: full dose fertilizer. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications of the treatments. Two-thirds of urea (133 kg/ha) and full doses of the other fertilizers – Triple Super Phosphate (160 kg/ha), Muriate of Potash (160 kg/ha), Gypsum (120 kg/ha) and Borax (3 kg/ha) – were applied to the experimental plots (size: 3 m × 2 m) as basal dose during last ploughing. Three irrigations – the first (3 cm) at 4 DAS, second (5 cm) at 26 DAS and third (6 cm) at 43 DAS – were applied to the plots. The first irrigation was applied to facilitate germination since the soil was relatively dry. The data on plant population (plants per square meter), plant height at harvest, number of tillers per plant and weight of 1000 grains (dried at 12% moisture content) were recorded. Grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, harvest index and water use efficiency (WUE) for different treatments/treatment combinations were calculated. The WUE was calculated by WUE = Y / WU (1), Where WUE is seasonal crop-water use in the field (cm) and Y is grain yield (kg/ha). The crop water use was calculated by WU = IR + ER + Σ (M_s - M_h) / 100, Di (2); The effective rainfall was calculated by ER = Ptotal (125 – 0.2Ptotal) / 125 and ER = 125 + 0.1Ptotal, Where, Ptotal is the total rainfall (mm) during the wheat growing period.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 24(1 & 2): 211 – 218, 2013 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mixed water irrigation produced the highest grain, straw and biological yields. The 1000- grain weight and water use efficiencies for grain and biomass production were also obtained maximum for mixed water irrigation. Due to the interaction effects of irrigation and fertilizer on the crop, the grain, straw and biological yields and water use efficiency for grain production were obtained maximum under mixed water irrigation with full dose fertilizer application. On the other hand, the lowest grain, straw and biological yields and water use efficiency for grain production were obtained under fresh water irrigation with no application of fertilizer. So, wastewater mixed with fresh water contributed some nutrients, which helped increasing the yield and water use efficiency of wheat. It is, therefore, concluded that sugar mill’s wastewater, when mixed with fresh water at 1:1 ratio, has good potential to be used for irrigating wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal