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Studies on the Protozoan Parasites of Hilsa Shad, Tenualosa Ilisha in Bangladesh

Aminul Islam Bhuiyan
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mahfuza Momen

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Present investigation was conducted to study the protozoan parasites of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha collected from Aricha Ghat, Dhaka. Thirty fishes were observed. Fishes were collected during months of August 2010 and September 2010. A total of 1099 individuals of protozoan parasite of eight genera/species were recorded during the present study. These parasites were found on body surface, gills and gall bladder of the fish. Jirovecia piscicola had the highest prevalence (53.33%) while Coccomyxa baleswarensis had the lowest prevalence (26.67%) of infection. Most of the host individuals had double (43%) and single (40%) species infection. Only a few (10%) host had triple species infection. No fish had more than three species of parasite at a time. Glugea sp. dominated over all other parasites. J. piscicola, Zschokkella ilishae and Ceratomyxa hilsae had almost similar abundance while C. baleswarensis had the lowest (5.64%) abundance. Abundance of Sphaeromyxa dighae, Myxobolus sp. and Kudoa sp. were comparatively low ranging from 9.36% to 17.35%. Key words:

Keywords: Parasites, Tenualosa ilisha, Protozoa, Bangladesh.

Location: The river of Padma at Aricha Ghat, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-08-2010

End Date: 00-09-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Hilsa, Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To study the protozoan parasites of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha collected from Aricha Ghat, Dhaka.

Methodology:

Tenualosa ilisha were collected from river Padma at Aricha Ghat (100 Km from Dhaka city, 23°46′10″N 89°46′83″ E) twice during present study period. Each time a sample of 15 fish were collected directly from fishermen immediately after caught by them. Fishes were collected during months of August 2010 and September 2010. Smears of body and gill slime were made on glass slides on the spot and fixed them in ethanol for observation in the laboratory. Blood smears on slides were also made and fixed in ethanol and brought to the laboratory. Content of gall bladder (bile) were collected in small glass vials and brought to the laboratory keeping them in an ice box. To maintain temperature well below 0°C for whole day ordinary salt (NaCl) was mixed with ice (1:3) following method described by Berland (2006). In the laboratory bile were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 1 minute and sediments were observed putting on glass slide under compound microscope. Necroscopy - Immediately after collection the external surface of the fish were observed necroscopically using a magnifying glass. External surface of the fish were examined and recorded for any abnormalities. Attention was given to the presence of any deformities, external lesions, abnormal skin colouartion, abdominal swelling etc. Oral and opercular cavities, nares, gills and fins were carefully checked. Specimens were kept moist during examination by spraying them with a fine mist of water. Physiological saline was used when examining the specimens. Giemsa’s stain after acid hydrolysis- During this process smears were fixed in Schaudinn’s fluid; rinsed slides well in distilled water; hydrolysed for 8 min in 1N HCL; again rinsed several times in distilled water; stained with stock Giemsa’s stain (diluted 1:20 with water at PH 7.0-7.2); rinsed in tap water; allowed to dry directly from water or dehydrated through an ethanol series. Klein’s dry silver impregnation method- Klein’s dry silver impregnation method were tried for ciliates in the gill and body slime of hilsa. Counts of parasites found in each organ were recorded. Camera lucida sketches were made both from temporary and permanent preparations. Measurements were taken with the help of an ocular micrometer and a stage micrometer.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 33-41, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

To observe the nature of multiple infections, the number of parasite species found in each host at a time was recorded and is present in the figure 2. Single and double species infections were higher in T. ilisha. Ten percent host fish had 3 species of parasites at a time, while 7% had no infection and none of the host had more than 3 species at a time. This is the first study on protozoan parasites of T. ilisha in Bangladesh. Some of the parasites recorded during present study were reported earlier from India. Others are new host records. The present study indicates a rich protozoan parasite fauna exist in T. ilisha in Bangladesh than previously recorded from neighboring country, India. Of the 8 genera/species 2 Microspora and rest are Myxozoa. No data on infection of protozoan parasites are available. So it was not possible to compare results of present finding with others. These parasites were found on body surface, gills and gall bladder of the fish. Jirovecia piscicola had the highest prevalence (53.33%) while Coccomyxa baleswarensis had the lowest prevalence (26.67%) of infection. Most of the host individuals had double (43%) and single (40%) species infection. Only a few (10%) host had triple species infection. No fish had more than three species of parasite at a time. Glugea sp. dominated over all other parasites. J. piscicola, Zschokkella ilishae and Ceratomyxa hilsae had almost similar abundance while C. baleswarensis had the lowest (5.64%) abundance. Abundance of Sphaeromyxa dighae, Myxobolus sp. and Kudoa sp. were comparatively low ranging from 9.36% to 17.35%.

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