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Seed Rate and Fertizer Effects on Tillering and Yield of Wheat

M. Altab Hossain
Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. R. I. Mondal
Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

G. S. Torofder
Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

K. R. Haque
Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

A. B. M. Salahuddin
Agronomy Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted at Joydebpur and Jessore farms of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during rabi season of 1989-90 to determine the response of irrigated wheat (var. Kanchan) to seed rates and rates of fertilizer application in respect of tiller production and its survival together with yield. Grain yields obtained from 120 and 160 kg seeds/ ha were significantly higher than those of 40 and 80 kg/ha mainly due to higher number of spikes/m². Percent tiller mortality increased at higher seed rates and gradually decreased with increase in the levels of fertilizer. Averaged over the locations. fertilizer rate of N₁₅₀ P₉₀ K₆₀ kg/ha gave maximum grain yield irrespective of seed rates. However from trial, it was revealed that 120 kg seeds/ ha and fertilizer rate of N_1OO P₆₀ K₄₀ kg/ha would be optimum/economic for effective spikes or tiller production and yield of wheat under irrigated condition at Joydebpur and Jessore .

Keywords: Irrigated condition, Tillers/spikes per unit area, Yield of wheat, Seed rate, Fertilizer doses

Location: BARI farm: Joydebpur and Jessore

Start Date: 00-00-1989

End Date: 00-00-1990

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine how tillers per unit area and the yield are influenced by different seed rate and fertilizer
Investigate on the inter-relationship of the factors stated

Methodology:

Field experiments were conducted under irrigated condition in the farm of Joydebpur and Jessore of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute during the rabi season of 1989-90 . The soils of the experimental area were silty clay loam and clay loam at Joydebpur and Jessore respectively. At Joydebpur, the pH of the soil was 5.3, organic matter 0.6%. NH₄-N 2.0 ug/ml of soil, available P 5.0 ug/ml of soil and exchangeable K 0.12 meq/l00 ml of soil. At Jessore, the corresponding figures were 7.5, 1.3, 20.0, 29.0 and 0.11 respectively. Total rainfall was 42.7 mm at Joydebpur and 89.1 mm at Jessore during crop growing period. The mean air temperature at sowing to maturity was 22.8° and 2 1. 5°C at Joydebpur and Jessore respectively. The treatment consisted of four seed rates (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg /ha) and four levels of fertilizer mixture (0-0-0, 50-30-20, 100-60-40 and 150-90-60 of N, P₂0₅ and K₂0 kg/ha). The trial was set up in RCBD(factorial) with three replications. The unit plot size was 5m x 3m. Seeds of the wheat variety Kanchan were sown on November 23, 1989 at Joydebpur and November 21 at Jessore, in rows 20 cm apart. The total quantities of phosphorus, potash and half of nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the form of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and urea as basal. Sulphur (20 kg/ha) and Zinc (5 kg/ha) were also applied in the form of gypsum and zinc sulphate during final land preparation as blanket. The remaining quantity of urea was top dressed in equal halves at crown root initiation (CRI) and at maximum tillering (MT) stages followed by irrigation. The crop was irrigated thrice. the third one applied during grain filling stage. Data. were taken on yield components from 20 randomly selected plants per plot and for yield estimation in 8m² area used for harvest. Number of tillers and spikes were counted from three randomly selected 1m² area in each plot. The collected data were statistically analysed and the mean differences were adjudged by LSD. Total variable costs were calculated from the cost involved for labour, fertilizer and seeds used for the experimental treatments. Cost and benefit analysis was done for each treatment by hectare basis taking Into account Govt. price. Partial budget analysis and the marginal analysis were done according to Perrin et al (1979).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Soil Se1. 22 (1 & 2), 33-46, 1991

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of two locations suggested that, seed rate of 120 kg/ha with fertilizer rate of N₁₆₀P₆₀ K₄₀ kg/ha would be economic for better tiller and grain production of wheat under irrigated condition at Joydebpur and Jessore soil.

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