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Bacteriological Quality of Marketed Mola Fish, Amblypharyngodon Mola from Dhaka Metropolis

Sharif Nilla
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Anisur Rahman Khan
Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Md. Mahmudur Rahman Khan
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Dewan Ali Ahsan
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Ghulam Mustafa
Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The bacteriological quality of mola fish (Amblypharyngodon mola) from three local fish markets as fresh and as frozen from three departmental chain shops of Dhaka metropolis were analyzed. The microbial quality parameters varied with different sources and the quality was found to be poor for local market fish samples. In total 24 samples were considered for bacteriological quality analysis and 10 pathogenic isolates for antibiotic sensitivity test to 12 antibiotics. The total bacterial count ranged from 1.8 ± 0.25 × 104 to 6.5 ± 0.75 × 106 cfu/g for fresh and 5.5 ± 0.55 × 103 to 7.0 ± 0.80 × 105 cfu/g for frozen mola. The highest total coliform count of mola was 8.0 ± 0.55 × 104 and 6.1 ± 0.40 × 103 cfu/g for local market and departmental chain shop, respectively. All fresh and frozen samples were observed having high quantity of E. coli above 102 cfu/g. Furthermore, Salmonella-Shigella was identified in 67% samples (75% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples) varied from 0.9 ± 0.00 ×102 to 5.3 ± 0.30 × 103 cfu/g whereas Vibrio spp. was confirmed in 79% samples (83% of fresh and 75% of frozen samples) of which 90% samples exceeded 102 cfu/g. Similar pattern was observed in Staphylococcus spp. with 83% of fresh and 58% of frozen samples (63% of total samples) beyond 103 cfu/g. In case of antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the indicator and pathogenic isolates, all of them were resistant to amoxicillin and penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and streptomycin. The findings proved that mola fish under this study was more or less contaminated and local fish market samples were highly privileged with food borne pathogens which confirmed the unhygienic condition of the market as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in mola fish may threat to public health safety.

Keywords: Bacteriological quality, Amblypharyngodon mola, Dhaka metropolis, Antibiotic sensitivity

Location: Different departmental chain shops as frozen and local retail markets as fresh (raw) at Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-04-2010

End Date: 00-12-2010

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Diseases, Fish

Objectives:

To determine the bacteriological status of fresh mola fish collected from local markets and frozen mola fish from the departmental chain shops of Dhaka metropolis with a view to provide potential approaches for marketed food safety with regard to food borne pathogens.

Methodology:

Mola samples were collected from different departmental chain shops as frozen and local retail markets as fresh (raw) at Dhaka metropolis in between April 2010 and December 2010. Total 24 samples, with 15-18 mola were taken in each sample, 12 samples from departmental chain shops and 12 from local markets were collected to assess the bacterial load. The mola samples were collected by special sterile Ziploc bags to avoid further contamination and transported in an insulated box with ice to maintain the temperature (4^oC to 6^oC) and stored at –20^oC at the laboratory until use (ICMSF 1998). The samples were processed and used within 24 hours of collection. The samples were thawed at room temperature for 5-6 h to melt the ice. The whole fish were taken following the method of APHA (APHA 1998). The collected samples were separately homogenized with normal saline solution using a homogenizer. Pour plate or spread plate were prepared using 1 ml - 0.1 ml of the treated samples. The microbiological analysis was performed as per the standard methods adopted from Online Bacteriological Analytical Manual, USFDA for detection, enumeration and identification of individual organisms (BAM 2005). Total bacterial count was obtained on nutrient agar (Becton Dickinson, France). The colonies were incubated for 24 h at 35-37⁰C and calculated as cfu/g. Determination of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria from mola samples: The susceptibility of E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Staphylococcus isolates to different antimicrobial agents was measured in vitro according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Commercially available 12 antimicrobial discs [ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AML), bacitracin (B), chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (E), gentamycin (GN), kanamycin (K), penicillin (P), polymyxinB (PB), streptomycin (S) and tetracycline (TE)] were used for the test. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software package (verson11.5, SAS Institute Inc, Cary, USA).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 77-88, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study provides a clear perspective of the bacterial profusion in marketed mola fish. It also revealed that the fish samples from departmental chain shops were comparatively less contaminated with bacteria than those of local fish markets due to their airtight display tray with sufficient ice and careful handling. The higher total bacteria and coliform count in local market samples indicated the unhygienic condition of the processing and marketing area. The main reasons for infecting the local marketed mola might be rough handling and sorting or lack of sanitation. For frozen fish, the fluctuation of storage temperature due to power interruption might be the major cause. Cross contamination with other frozen foods, i.e. shrimp, meat etc. might also be another reason for bacterial contagion in frozen mola fish. Overall, the sub-tropical environment might also be the crucial reason for bacterial contamination in both fresh and frozen mola fish. Moreover, the antibiotic resistance of bacteria is a significant public health problem. The result suggests that bacterial abundance and presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria into mola fish sold in the local markets of Dhaka metropolis may create ecological and public health implications as well as are of special concern. The retailers and handlers should take proper training on the aspect to avoid the health risks and cross contamination. Consumers also could wash the fish with water cautiously prior to cook. This study also emphasizes the necessity of increasing awareness about the use of antibiotics in aquaculture sectors to ensure the absence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms in fish for achieving the food microbiological safety.

Knowledge Management: Journal