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Relative Toxicity of Some Insecticides and Azadirachtin Against Four Crop Infesting Aphid Species

M. Khalequzzaman
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Jesmun Nahar
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Indirect application was used to assay the toxicity of five insecticides; viz. malathion, carbosulfan, cymbush, imidacloprid and azadirachtin against four important crop infesting aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), reared on bean, brinjal, potato and cauliflower plants respectively. Residual film technique was applied by bringing leaves with tested aphids of the vegetable plants in the laboratory. Malathion was the least toxic to all aphids having LC₅₀ as 327.97, 333.92, 305.26 and 313.77 μg cm^-2 for A. craccivora, A. gossypii, M. persicae and M. persicae respectively. Cypermethrin was the most toxic showing LC₅₀ as 12.55, 12.29, 12.55 and 12.10 μg cm^-2 in the above mentioned species of aphid respectively. Carbosulfan and imidacloprid showed moderate toxicity. Azadirachtin as a natural plant origin insecticide proved to be the most toxic having LC50 as 0.41 μg cm^-2 for A. craccivora, 0.34 μg cm^-2 for A. gossypii and 0.44 μg cm^-2 for both M. persicae and L. erysimi.

Keywords: Insecticide, toxicity, azadirachtin, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

To assayed with five insecticides; viz. malathion, carbosulfan, cymbush, imidacloprid and azadirachtin on four important aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach),

Methodology:

A. craccivora, A. gossypii, M. persicae and L. erysimi populations were reared on bean, brinjal, potato and cauliflower plants respectively. Residual film technique (Busvine, 1971) was applied by bringing leaves with test aphids of the vegetable plant in the laboratory. Insecticides were serially diluted in acetone and a fixed volume (0.1 ml) of insecticide solution was dropped on 2.4 cm circular leaf, placed previously on a petridish (9 cm diameter). Each insecticide was tested with four doses having three replications. The doses were 462.66, 370.13, 277.60, 185.06 μg cm-2 for malathion (97% technical); 64.93, 48.70, 32.46, 16.23 μg cm-2 for carbosulfan (94% technical); 24.35, 16.23, 12.17, 8.11 μg cm-2 for cypermethrin (96% technical); 48.70, 32.46, 16.23, 8.11 μg cm-2 for imidacloprid (96% technical) and 0.77, 0.58, 0.38, 0.19 μg cm-2 for azadirachtin (nimbicidin 0.2%). A separate control batch was maintained in which only acetone was dropped on the surface of leaf. Petiole of the leaf was wrapped with wet cotton bud. The mortality of the aphid was recorded after 24 hours of treatment. Corrected mortality (%) was calculated using Abbott’s formula (Abbott, 1925). Probit regressions were estimated from mortality data according to the probit analysis of Busvine (1971) using a computer software developed in the Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 31-34 ISSN 1023-6104

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

A number of insecticides, i.e. phosphamidan (0.02%), dimethoate (0.02%), methyl-demeton (metasystox) (0.10%), fenthion (0.75%), and disulfan (0.10%), formothion, carbaryl and thiometon as foliar spray against aphids on mustard gave 59.0 to 93.4 percent mortality after 72 hours of treatment when compared with check (12.4%). Application of cartap hydrochloride (Padan 10 G) and monocrotophos, reduced 91.59 and 90.80 percent aphid population in mustard. A comparison of the LC₅₀values of different insecticides against L. erysimi indicate that endosulfan was least effective while deltamethrin, methyl-Odemeton and monocrotophos were more toxic. Neem-based insecticides have been found to have little impact on many beneficial organisms such as honey bees, predators and parasitoids. In the present experiment azadirachtin offered better result because the LC₅₀ values were lower than the values of the insecticides used.

Knowledge Management: Journal