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Optimizing Plant Density of Promising Rice Genotypes in Northwest Bangladesh

B Karmakar
Senior Scientific Officer
Adaptive Research Division, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M A R Sarkar
Professor
Dept. of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

M A Ali
Director (Research)
BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

S M Haefele
Australian Centre for PlantFunctional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Australia.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, regional station farm, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during 2010 and 2011 wet seasons to determine the effect of plant density on the performance of different genotypes. Three plant densities (20- × 15-, 20- × 20- and 25- × 15-cm spacing) and six genotypes (BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57, IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123, IR83381-B-B-6-1 and Binadhan-7) were tested in a strip-plot design with three replications, placing planting densities in the vertical plots and genotypes in the horizontal plots. Planting density × genotype produced significant effect on grain yield in 2011 but not in 2010. BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and IR83381-B-B-6-1 produced the highest grain yield in 20- × 15-cm spacing, while the other genotypes (IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI 123 and Binadhan-7) produced the higher yields in 25- × 15- or 20- × 20-cm spacing. In both years, genotypes had significant effects on grain yield, all yield components, growth duration, plant height, tillers hill^-1 and tillers m^-2 , but not on straw and biological yield. Among the genotypes, IR83377-B-B-93-3 gave the highest mean grain yield (5.11 t ha^-1 ) followed by IRRI 123 (4.97 t ha^-1 ). The lowest mean yield (4.04 t ha^-1 ) was found in BRRI dhan57 followed by IR83381-B-B-6-1 (4.14 t ha^-1 ). Planting density had significant effects on grain yield, panicles hill^-1 , panicles m^-2 , tillers hill^-1 and tillers m^-2 , and closer spacing reduced the number of days to flowering and maturity. Short duration rice genotypes achieved higher grain yields in closer spacing while longer duration genotypes produced higher grain yields in wider spacing. Results of this investigation suggest that the optimal plant density is dependent on varietal characteristics, and that current fixed planting densities used in many rice cropping systems are probably not adequate.

Keywords: Grain yield, Harvest index, Interaction effects, Phenology, Plant spacing

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, regional station Rajshahi.

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2011

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of plant density on the performance of several promising rice genotypes.
To determine optimum spacing to attain maximum yields.
To analyze possible interactions between germplasm and planting density..

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during the 2010 and 2011 wet seasons from June to November at the experimental farm (24°22’N latitude, 88°40’E longitude, 21 masl) of the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, regional station Rajshahi. The experimental site is located in the High Gangetic River Floodplain agro-ecological zone (AEZ) 11, characterized by a slightly alkaline soil with a pH of 8.1 and a silty loam texture. Three plant densities, T₁=20- × 15-cm (33.3 hills m^-2 or 333,000 hills ha^-1 ), T₂=20- × 20-cm (25 hills m^-2 or 250,000 hills ha^-1 ) and T₃=25- × 15-cm (26.7 hills m^-2 or 266,667 hills ha^-1 ), and six genotypes including V₁=BRRI dhan56, V₂=BRRI dhan57, V₃=IR83377-B-B-93-3, V₄=IRRI 123, V₅=IR83381-B-B-6-1 and V₆=Binadhan-7 were investigated. The experiment was laid out in a strip-plot design with three replications, placing planting densities in the main plots (vertical plot) and genotypes in the sub plots (horizontal plot). Unit plot size was 12 m² (3- × 4-m). Seedbed management was done according to the traditional farm practice. Land was prepared according to the common practice of wetland soil preparation with puddling. Twenty-three-day-old seedlings were transplanted at three seedlings hill^-1 on 28 July 2010 and 30 July 2011 respectively. Spacing was maintained as per treatments. Fertilizers containing N, P, K, S and Zn were applied at the rates of 82, 15, 38, 10.6 and 2.7 kg ha^-1 respectively, using urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulfate. The full amount of TSP, MOP, gypsum, zinc sulfate and 1/3 urea were applied during the final land preparation, just before transplanting. The remaining urea was top dressed in two equal splits at 20 days after transplanting (DAT) (tillering stage) and 40 DAT (panicle initiation stage) synchronized with rainfall or wet soil conditions, because the experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions. The crop was protected from pest infestation according to standard farm management practices. Furadan10G was applied at panicle initiation stage of the crop to protect from stem borer infestation. From the center of each plot, 6 m² area was harvested for determination of grain and straw yields when 85% of the grains appeared yellowish. Grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content, and expressed in t ha^-1 . Yield component data were collected following recommended procedures. Data gathered in the experiment were statistically analyzed following procedures described by Gomez and Gomez (1984). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using the statistical software CropStat7.2. Means were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice J. 18(1&2): 1-7, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The genotypes BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and IR83381-B-B-6-1 performed best when transplanted with a 20- × 15-cm spacing, while the genotypes IR83377-B-B-93-3, IRRI123 and Binadhan-7 gave the highest yield with a 25 × 15-cm spacing during wet season in northwest Bangladesh. This means that there was strong genotype × management interactions, indicating that optimal plant density can be dependent on varietal characteristics. Our results suggest that current fixed planting densities used in many rice cropping systems are not adequate, and that need to be adjusted to genotype season and perhaps location.

Knowledge Management: Journal