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Studies on the Preparation of Oleo-resinous Wood Varnishes by Utilizing Safflower (carthamus Tinctorius) Seed Oil

M. Rafiquzzaman
BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh

M. S. Rahman
BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh

M. A. Hossain
BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh

A. J. M. Moynul Hasan
BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Studies were carried out on the preparation of oleo-resinous wood varnishes by utilizing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil. It was observed that safflower seed grown under the soil-texture and climatic condition of Bangladesh, contains about 32 % golden yellow coloured drying oil. The physico-chemical characteristics of the oil were determined by the conventional methods and the fatty acid compositions by GLC. From the results it is evident that the oil can be used suitably in paint and varnishes on account of its high linoleic acid content (75 %) and higher iodine value (148). The oleoresinous wood varnishes was prepared by utilizing safflower seed oil in an open stainless steel beaker by heating the oil with rosin and glycerol. The cooking temperature was maintained at 300^OC for ½ an hour. Zinc oxide and lead oxide were used as mould growth inhibitor and catalyst respectively. The varnish thus prepared was found to be water resistant and can be applied on wood surface as tack free coating.

Keywords: Oleo-resinous wood varnishes, Safflower, Seed oil

Location: BCSIR Laboratories, Rajshahi-6206, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Safflower

Objectives:

The object of the present study is to prepare oleoresinous wood varnishes by utilizing the safflower seed oil as tack free coating.

Methodology:

Safflower seeds were collected from three districts, namely Rajshahi, Natore and Chapi- Nawabgonj in the month of May-June. The seeds were cleaned and dried at a temperature 105^OC for an hour. The seeds were crushed into smaller particles in a mortar. The oil was then extracted by hydraulic press (22000 psi) and with n-Hexane in Soxhlet apparatus till the cake was free from the oil. The extracted solvent was removed by rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced pressure and calculated the percentage of oil. The specific gravity with the help of Pycnometer at 28^OC and refractive index using Abbe Refractometer at 25^OC were determined following IUPAC methods.8 Moisture, volatile matter in the oil were also determined by IUPAC methods. The % of FFA, peroxide value, saponification value and unsaponifiable matter (%) were determined by the standard methods of AOCS. Hanus method was followed to determine the iodine value of the oil. Analysis of fatty acids of safflower seed oil The fatty acid composition of safflower seed oil was analysed as their methyl esters which was prepared by the Boron trifluride methanol (BF3-CH₃OH) complex method. AGCD Pye-Unicum type gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used to determine the fatty acid methyl esters. Nitrogen carrier gas was used at a flow rate of 30 ml/min. Fatty acids were separated on a 1.8 x 1/8 i.d glass column packed with 6% BDS (Butanediol succinate polyesters) on solid support Anakorm ABS (100/120) mesh. Analysis was carried out at isothermal column temperature 190^OC, injector and detector temperature for all GLC analysis were maintained at 230^OC. Gas chromatography peak were identified by comparison with standard methyl esters with respect to retention times against equivalent carbon length (ECL), peak areas were measured by a Pye-Unicum electronic integrator The percentage of each peak was calculated as the total area of all the peaks. Preparation of oleo-resinous wood varnishes 100 g. of rosin was taken in a stainless steel beaker and heated to 130^OC. A portion about 10 % of the total quantities of safflower oil (100 g.) was added with it and the temperature raised to 200^OC. Zinc oxide (1g.) and glycerol (8 g.) were added slowly keeping the temperature 250^OC for about ½ an hour. Rest of the oil was gradually added while maintaining the same temperature. Finally lead oxide (1g.) was added as a catalyst and the temperature of the mass raised to 300^OC. The temperature was kept constant for ½ an hour and then the sample was drawn at regular intervals for test. The varnish was evaluated as follows: 1. Drying properties by touching with finger after application. 2. Noting the time taken for the film to touch dry, hard dry and tack-free. 3. Water resistance by immersed in water.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 77-82, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The varnish thus prepared was found to be water resistant and can be applied on wood surface as tack free coating. It is found that there is no effect on appearance among the three samples collected in three different locations.

Knowledge Management: Journal