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Studies on the Lipid and Glyceride Compositions of Cassia Alata Seed Oil

M. S. Rahman
BCSIR Laboratries, Binodpur Bazar, Rajshahi-6206

M. Y. Ali
Department of chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

M. U. Ali
Department of chemistry, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

A.J.M Moynul Hasan
BCSIR Laboratries, Binodpur Bazar, Rajshahi-6206

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The oil composition of Cassia alata seed collected from three different districts of Bangladesh was investigated. All the seed samples contain about 3.2% oil. The triglyceride component of the oil varied from 91.5 to 92.0% diglyceride from 3.4 to 3.9% and monoglyceride from 1.5 to 2.1%. The lipid components were almost the same in all the samples, the neutral lipid accounted for over 93% of the total lipids present. The analysis of the fatty acid composition showed 25.6 % oleic acid, 45.5% linoleic acid, 18.7% palmitic acid, 3.5% stearic acid, 3.4% arachidic acid and 3.2% behenic acid.

Keywords: Lipid, Glyceride, Cassia alata, Seed oil

Location: BCSIR Laboratries, Binodpur Bazar, Rajshahi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

The present investigation was made with a view to finding out the approximate compositions of glyceride and lipid of the oil of the locally available seeds, as the location of Bangladesh is typical in the subcontinent because of seasonal variations of monsoon.

Methodology:

Ripe and matured Cassia alata seeds were colleted from the districts of Dhaka, Rajshahi and Dinajpur in the month of August. The seeds were deshelled and decorticated manually and dried in the sunlight for four consecutive days. The sun dried seeds were finally crushed into powder with the help of a grinding machine and dried in the oven at a temperature with the help of a grinding machine and dried in a Soxhlet extractor with n-hexane for an 8 hour. The solvent was removed by using a rotary vacuum evaporator and the percentage of oil content was calculated. The crude oil thus obtained was purified in a column (Neutral alumina in pet. ether) using pet. ether (70:30) as the eluting solvent. The purity of the oil was checked by normal TLC. The specific gravity of the oil was calculated at 28^O C with the help of a Pycnometer. Refractive index of clear oil free from water and air bubbles were determined at 28^O C by standard IUPAC method.7 Moisture and volatile matter in the oil were also determined by IUPAC method.7 The Free fatty acid (FFA), saponification value, peroxide value and unsaponifiable matters in the oil were determined by the standard AOCS methods.8 Hanus method9 was followed to determine the iodine value of the oil. Separation of glyceride Each sample of oil of the seeds collected from the above three districts was separated into mono-, di- and triglycerides on silicic acid (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany 70-230 mesh) column. The silicic acid was activated at 120^OC overnight and again for 1 hour immediately before the column was prepared. Then the silicic acid was hydrated with 5 % (w/w) water. A slurry of silicic acid in chloroform was poured into the column (2.2 cm i.d). One g oil was dissolved in 15 ml of chloroform and quantitatively transferred to the column. The triglyceride components from each of the three samples (0.917, 0.920 and 0.915 g) was eluted with 200 ml of benzene, the diglyceride (0.039, 0.034 and 0.036g) with 200 ml of a 1:9 (v/v) mixture of diethy1 ether and benzene and the monoglyceride (0.021, 0.018 and 0.015g) with 200ml dieth1 ether.10 The percent compositions of the glyceride. The elution was controlled at a flow rate of 1.5- 2ml/min.The elution of each fraction was monitored by micro slide thin layer chromatography (TLC) to ensure complete separation of each class of the glycerides during slilicic acid chromatography and the eluted solvents were collected in weighed flasks. The fractions thus obtained were evaporated in a rotary vacuum evaporated in a rotary vacuum evaporator and were dried under reduced pressure before being weighed. The purity of the different glyceride components was further checked by TLC using silica gel developed with n-hexene : diethy1 ether checked by TLC using silica gel developed with n-hexene: diethyl ether (80/20 v/v) and identified by chromic-sulphuric acid spot tests at 180^OC. The glyceride were identified by comparison of Rf values with standard references. The weight percentage of each glyceride class was based on total glyceride recovered, which averaged to 99.3 of the total glyceride present.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(1-2), 83-88, 2006

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Cassia alata seed has been found to contain about 3.2 % oil. The oil is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acid (over 70 % of which 25 % accounts for oleic acid and 45.5 % linoleic acid.

Knowledge Management: Journal