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Factors Responsible for Yield Gap of Wheat at Farmers’ Field in Two Districts of Bangladesh

M. A. Kashem
Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Momen Miah
Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Islam
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

P. C. Roy
Research Officer
Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The main purpose of the research was to identify factors responsible for yield gap in wheat production. Eighteen (18) experiments were conducted in two major wheat growing districts Rangpur and Dinajpur in two consecutive years. The selected varieties for the conducted research were Prodip, Satabdi and Sourav. All the experiments were established in farmers’ fields providing all recommendations for wheat production. It was observed that yield gap varied with the variety and farmers to farmers and location to location. The overall yield gap of Prodip was the highest (18.43 percent) followed by Sourav (18.15 percent) and Satabdi (17.45 percent). Yield gaps of all the wheat varieties under study were higher in Rangpur site than Dinajpur site. The practice gap was the highest in gypsum application (69 percent) followed by boron (67 percent), sowing time (40 percent). Practice gaps in the application of MoP, TSP and irrigation were almost equal, 40 percent, 37 percent, and 36 percent respectively. Late sowing, non use of dolomite and micro nutrients (zinc and boron) in wheat yield with sub-optimal doses of phosphatic and potash fertilizers were the main reasons for yield gap. Adoption of short duration T. aman variety and optimal doses of chemical fertilizers with micro nutrients in wheat field could minimize this gap to a greater extent. Preventive measures against bird attack after sowing of seeds for optimum plant population would have impact in narrow down this yield gap as well.

Keywords: Yield gap, Wheat, Researcher supervised plot, Non-supervised plot

Location: Sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district and Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

i. To quantify the yield gaps of wheat between achievable yield at researcher supervised farmers’ plot and non-supervised plot

ii. To identify the management related factors responsible for yield gap of wheat with their relative contribution

iii. To ascertain constraints faced by the farmers in cultivating wheat.

Methodology:

In order to compare the wheat yield between maximum attainable yield and farm-level yield, in addition to research data, the empirical field data were also collected from two selected major wheat growing areas for two consecutive years. The wheat growing areas were the Sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district and Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur district. In total of 18 research plots were set up in farmers’ field in order to assess the achievable yield of the wheat varieties. Nine research plots were set up in Dinajpur Sadar Upazila of Dinajpur district, while 09 research plots in Gangachara Upazila of Rangpur district. The wheat varieties were: Shatabdi, Shourav, and Prodip. The research plots were jointly conducted, monitored and supervised by the concerned farmers, SAAOs (DAE personnel) and researchers. In order to compare the yield between the research plots and farmers’ actual yield, field data were collected from the wheat growers of the selected Upazilas. Data were, however, collected from the sample rather than population. Random sampling procedures were used for determining the proportionate samples from the population. Yield gap of a variety was measured on the basis of the difference between the achievable yield (kg/ha) of research plot yield and farmer’s actual yield (kg/ha) obtained at the farmers’ plot and then compared it to the percentage of achievable yield. Thus, the yield gap of a variety could vary from 0 to 100%. The following formula was used in this regards:Yield of any crop depends on employment of some management practices. Managing all of the practices at optimum level might produce highest yield of a certain modern rice and wheat variety. But due to socioeconomic conditions in Bangladesh, farmers are not in a position to manage all the practices in a full swing rather they often apply sub-optimal level of these practices in wheat cultivation that resulted a gap between achievable yield and farmer’s actual yield. Seed rate, seed quality, sowing time, irrigation and application of fertilizers (urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and Boron) at the recommended dozes are regarded as yield determining factors, while practice gap for each yield determining factor, however, was measured on the basis of difference between recommendation and actual application.

Source of Information: Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 91 – 99, 2012 ISSN 1017-8139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Annual family income of the potato growers had significant positive relationship with their overall extent of contact with information sources through mobile phone. As majority (56 per cent) of the farm families had very low to low family income, but it has significant impact on communication through mobile phone, it may, therefore, be recommended that any attempt to increase the family income of the potato growers has to be taken for increasing their extent of contact with different information sources through mobile phone. It also revealed that commercialization had significant positive relationship with overall extent of contact with different information sources through mobile phone by the potato growers. About three quarters (71.6 per cent) of the potato growers had very high commercialization of potatoes. Hence, it may be recommended to initiate a big potato market vis-à-vis a potato industry through the support of GO or NGOs for the benefit of commercial potato growers.

Knowledge Management: Journal