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Evaluation of Toxic Metallic Contamination of Sewage Water for Irrigation in Some Selected Industrial Areas of Bangladesh

M.M. Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.A.S. Jiku
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

S.A. Al-Mamun
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An attempt was made to assess toxic metallic contamination of sewage water for irrigation in some selected industries of Gazipur and Savar areas. Exactly 18 sewage waters were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb. All sewage waters were slightly neutral to alkaline (pH=7.07-8.88) and only 4 samples were found unsuitable for irrigation. EC and SAR indicated that sewage waters were under medium salinity (C2), high salinity (C3), low alkalinity (S1) and medium alkalinity (S2) hazard classes expressed as C2S1, C3S1 and C3S2. Sewage waters collected from different industries were graded as good, permissible, doubtful and unsuitable for irrigation purpose as per SSP. The waters were under moderately hard and hard classes. Among the major ionic constituents, Na was dominant followed by Ca, Mg and K. In most waters, Mn ion was considered as toxicant for irrigating soils and crops. Zn and Pb levels were problematic in some samples for long-term irrigation. The contents of Cu and Cd in all the samples were hazardous for irrigation. The relationships between water quality parameters like pH, EC, TDS, SAR, SSP and hardness were computed. Synergistic relationships were observed between EC-TDS, SAR-SSP, EC-Hardness and TDS-Hardness. The correlation between major cationic constituents like Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd differed significantly. If sewage water is applied for irrigation, it can contaminate soil due to some toxic ions.

Keywords: Sewage water, Metallic toxicity, Irrigation, Soils and crops.

Location: Industrial areas of Gazipur and Savar

Start Date: 01-02-2008

End Date: 29-02-2008

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. To assess the intensity or degree of ionic toxicity of sewage waters for irrigation usage.

Methodology:

Exactly 18 sewage water samples were collected from industrial areas of Gazipur and Savar during February, 2008 following the sampling techniques as outlined by APHA. Sewage water samples were filtered with filter paper (Whatman No. 1) to remove undesirable solid and suspended materials before chemical analysis. pH and EC were determined by pH meter (Model: WTW pH522) and conductivity meter (Model: WTW LF521). Total dissolved solid (TDS) was measured by evaporating water samples to dryness. Ca and Mg were determined by EDTA titrimetric method. K and Na were determined flame photometrically. Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer The following quality factors were considered in judging sewage water toxicity by the interpretation of obtained analytical results: i) Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), ii) Soluble sodium percentage (SSP) and iii)Hardness. All ionic concentrations were expressed as me L^-1 but in case of hardness, cationic concentrations were expressed as mg L^-1.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (1): 5-8, 2009; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

EC and SAR indicated that sewage waters were under medium salinity (C2), high salinity (C3), low alkalinity (S1) and medium alkalinity (S2) hazard classes expressed as C2S1, C3S1 and C3S2. Sewage waters collected from different industries were graded as good, permissible, doubtful and unsuitable for irrigation purpose as per SSP. The waters were under moderately hard and hard classes. Among the major ionic constituents, Na was dominant followed by Ca, Mg and K. In most waters, Mn ion was considered as toxicant for irrigating soils and crops. Zn and Pb levels were problematic in some samples for long-term irrigation. The contents of Cu and Cd in all the samples were hazardous for irrigation. The relationships between water quality parameters like pH, EC, TDS, SAR, SSP and hardness were computed. Synergistic relationships were observed between EC-TDS, SAR-SSP, EC-Hardness and TDS-Hardness. The correlation between major cationic constituents like Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd differed significantly. If sewage water is applied for irrigation, it can contaminate soil due to some toxic ions.

Knowledge Management: Journal