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Effect of Temperature on the Development of Early Life Stages of Bull Frog

B.K. Ojha
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka

M.A. Sayeed
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka

A.K. Paul
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka

M.M. Haque
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka

M.R. Ahashan
Department of Fisheries, Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka

M.R. Haque
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the development of early life stages of bull frog (Rana tigrina, Daudin) for 125 days (May 30 to September 22, 2003) was studied in Aquaculture Departmental laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh. The hatching time and rate varied with different temperature. The highest and lowest hatching time was 93 h at 23⁰C and 25 hour at 35⁰C, respectively. Hatching rate was the highest (84%) for 29⁰C and lowest (65%) for 20⁰C .The required time for hind limb and fore limbs development decreased with the increment of temperature. At 35⁰C only 7% tadpoles got hind limb and only 1% got fore limb with abnormal in shape. For the development of hind limbs and fore limbs, 32⁰C showed the best result. Larval growth was found to be temperature dependent .The highest growth of tadpoles reported at 29⁰C (53mm) and the lowest at 35⁰C (32mm). The highest growth showed in 2nd week for 26⁰C, 29⁰C and room temperature (26-29⁰C), and in 1st week for 32⁰C, 35⁰C. The best growth performance showed at 29⁰C.The highest mortality rate observed 90% at 26⁰C and the lowest at 35⁰C. It was observed that mortality rate had decreased by rising of temperature. In 20-22⁰C, all tadpoles died within 6 days of hatching. First completion of larval period (18 days required) at 32⁰C and was the slowest (29 days) at 26⁰C. Maximum number of tadpoles at 320C required minimum number of days (42 days) and at 26⁰C required maximum number of days (52 days) for completion of their larval period. None of the tadpole completed larval period at 35⁰C. There was no change in tadpole for the development of limbs at 35⁰C during the prolonged (69 days) period of the experiment. But it was observed that tadpoles’ tails became crooked laterally with a spherical body at 35⁰C.The larval growth rate and the completion of larval period 32⁰C showed the best result.

Keywords: Bull frog, Rana tigrina, Early Life stage

Location: Aquaculture Departmental laboratory, BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date: 30-05-2003

End Date: 22-09-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Animal

Objectives:

1. To find out the effect of different temperature on the larval development, growth, mortality and larval period of Rana tigrina.

Methodology:

Study area & period: The study was carried out from May 30 to September (125 days) in the Laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, BAU, Mymensingh. Preparation of aquaria: Six glass aquaria (44 cm X 245 cm X 21.5 cm each) and one hatching tray (60.95 cm x 30.48 cm x 15.24 cm) were used for this experiment as the treatment T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ and T₆ .The aquaria were properly washed and then filled up with over night aerated tap water. Collection and transfer of fertilized eggs to the laboratory: After heavy rainfall, the eggs which were gelatinous and adhered to grasses and some eggs were settled down on the bottom of the field were collected with the help of a scoop net and transferred to the laboratory. The collected eggs were kept in the previously prepared six different glass aquaria (200 eggs in each glass aquaria).The temperatures of the aquaria were maintained at 20, 22, 26, 29, 32 & 35⁰C, respectively with the help of thermostat submersible heater. Some eggs were placed in a hatching tray at room temperature (26-28⁰C). Study of hatching time and hatching rate: When the larvae comes out it was closely observed the 50% of the eggs hatched and the time taken was considered as hatching time. And when larvae do not come out for a day from the remaining eggs (if any) the relative number of larvae in comparison to incubated eggs was counted and the hatching rate was calculated. Nursing of newly hatched tadpoles: After hatching just before the yolk sac was completely absorbed the tadpoles were supplied at 5-6% of body weight with fish meal and wheat bran mixture at the ratio of 1:1 as artificial feed twice a day (morning and evening). Water was also changed daily. Study of the appearance of hind & fore limbs: The time of the first appearance of hind limb of tadpoles and the time of the appearance of hind limb of most of the tadpoles were recorded at each temperature and it was observed carefully with the help of a magnifying glass. Subsequently after the appearance of hind limb the time interval of fore limbs was studied keeping them at 26⁰, 29⁰, 32⁰,35⁰C and room temperature (26-28⁰C). Study of the larval growth rate & mortality rate of tadpoles: In order to study the larval growth rate, 10 tadpoles were caught at random by small scoop net and their individual length was recorded to the nearest mm for each tadpole and for mortality rate of tadpoles, everyday the dead tadpoles within the aquarium were counted starting immediately after hatching. The duration of larval period was recorded by the counting required days from hatching to the complete reduction of tails of tadpoles for each treatment.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (1): 49-52, 2009; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The hatching time and rate varied with different temperature. The highest and lowest hatching time was 93 h at 23⁰C and 25 hour at 35⁰C, respectively. Hatching rate was the highest (84%) for 29⁰C and lowest (65%) for 20⁰C .The required time for hind limb and fore limbs development decreased with the increment of temperature. At 35⁰C only 7% tadpoles got hind limb and only 1% got fore limb with abnormal in shape. For the development of hind limbs and fore limbs, 32⁰C showed the best result. Larval growth was found to be temperature dependent .The highest growth of tadpoles reported at 29⁰C (53mm) and the lowest at 35⁰C (32mm). The highest growth showed in 2nd week for 26⁰C, 29⁰C and room temperature (26-29⁰C), and in 1st week for 32⁰C, 35⁰C. The best growth performance showed at 29⁰C.The highest mortality rate observed 90% at 26⁰C and the lowest at 35⁰C. It was observed that mortality rate had decreased by rising of temperature. In 20-22⁰C, all tadpoles died within 6 days of hatching. First completion of larval period (18 days required) at 32⁰C and was the slowest (29 days) at 26⁰C. Maximum number of tadpoles at 320C required minimum number of days (42 days) and at 26⁰C required maximum number of days (52 days) for completion of their larval period. None of the tadpole completed larval period at 35⁰C. There was no change in tadpole for the development of limbs at 35⁰C during the prolonged (69 days) period of the experiment. But it was observed that tadpoles’ tails became crooked laterally with a spherical body at 35⁰C.The larval growth rate and the completion of larval period 32⁰C showed the best result.

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