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Heavy Metal Concentration in Tannery Solid Wastes Used as Poultry Feed and the Ecotoxicological Consequences.

A. M. M. Maruf Hossain
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

Tasbee Monir
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

A. M. Rezwan - Ul - Haque
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

M. Azizul Islam Kazi
Analytical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Shahidul Islam
Analytical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Syed Fazle Elahi
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In Bangladesh, the tannery solid wastes are converted to protein-concentrate to be used as poultry feed, fish feed, and in production of organic fertilizers. Over the last several years it is a common phenomenon in the largest tanning area of the country, the Hazaribagh tannery area at the south-east part of Dhaka city. One of the major concerns of these activities is the heavy metals, especially chromium, used in the tanning processes. A total of 18 samples were collected to study the heavy metal status of protein-concentrate production in the tanning area at various stages from the source to the final product, and to compare this with the imported ones. The various types of solid waste processing for protein-concentrate production were covered in sampling, and along with the heavy metal status these processes were studied comprehensively. The maximum chromium content of the solid waste was found to be 3.2 %. The final products sampled at two different places contained as high as 2.49 % and 1.94 % chromium. Cadmium, lead, arsenic, and mercury contents of all samples were also determined. The detected maximum and minimum concentrations of these elements were found to be: 3.888 ppm and 0.991 ppm for cadmium, 30.114 ppm and 7.577 ppm for lead, 2.212 ppm and 0.099 ppm for arsenic, and 13.916 ppm and 0.166 ppm for mercury.

Keywords: Heavy metal, Food chain, Ecotoxicology, Poultry feed.

Location: Hazaribagh Thana (Dhaka district)

Start Date: 00-00-2007

End Date: 00-00-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. The concern of this research is the heavy metals, especially chromium, present in the chemicals used during tanning.

Methodology:

Hazaribagh Thana (Dhaka district) with an area of 3.58 square kilometer is surrounded by Mohammadpur thana on the north, Kamrangirchar thana on the south, Dhanmondi and Lalbagh thanas on the east, Keraniganj upazila and Buriganga river on the west. It is situated on the south-west part of capital Dhaka. The study area is located between 23^O43.85' to 23^O44.05' N latitude and 90^O21.85' to 90^O22.15' E longitude. A total of 18 samples were collected. The samples represent various stages of proteinconcentrate production from the solid waste to final product as well as imported protein concentrates for comparison with the local products. The samples were collected from three spots at Sonatengar of Hazaribagh (Sonatengar-I, Sonatengar-II, and Sonatengar-III), feed mill producing proteinconcentrate in Hazaribagh, and Nimtoli poultry market, Kotwali Thana, Dhaka. The wet and moist samples were sundried to remove sensible moisture. Then the samples were oven-dried at 105^OC to remove all moisture and thereby the moisture contents of the samples were determined. The samples were oven-dried unless the difference between two readings of weight was found negligible. The samples were prepared by using HNO₃ - HClO₄ digestion. Since the samples were of organic origin with a very high organic content, HNO₃ - HClO₄ digestion was preferred over the more common HNO₃ extraction for the determination of heavy metals. This strongly oxidizing digestion decomposes organics quickly and efficiently. For all the heavy metals analyses of the prepared samples were performed through atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). During the sample preparation for arsenic determination, hydrochloric acid (at least 11.6 ml concentrated HCl for 100 ml total sample) and KI (at least 1 %) were added. For the other heavy metals no special treatments were done. Hydride vapor generation technique was used in the determination of arsenic and mercury. Chromium, cadmium, lead, and arsenic determination were done in air-acetylene flame whereas mercury determination was done in cold vapor.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(4),397-416, 2007

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The target of the works done is actually protein-concentrates that are produced locally using tannery solid wastes. So, it is not the final feed that is supplied to the poultry directly. With this protein-concentrate the other feed stuffs are also mixed for the preparation of balanced diet. In that case two things come under consideration. The first one is the heavy metal level which is lowered in the final feed due to dilution. But it is not very significant where these protein-concentrates are used to prepare poultry diets. The other one is the feed staffs that are mixed with these proteins. The feed staffs may also contain the heavy metals. Though it can be said that this reverse thing can not make up the dilution of chromium in the final feed, but the concentrations of other heavy metals could even become higher depending on the sources of other feed staffs to be mixed. It is noticeable that the imported protein-concentrates also contain a high level of chromium, even in comparison with the other heavy metals present. Only in comparison to the local protein concentrates, it can be thought to be low.

Knowledge Management: Journal