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Effect of Temperature on Yield and Some Agronomic Characters of Spring Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Genotypes

Akbar Hossain
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

M.A.Z Sarker
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

M.A Hakim
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh

M.V. Lozovskaya
Institute of Biological Resources, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia

V.P. Zvolinsky
State Scientific Institute “The Caspian Scientific Research Institute of Arid Agriculture” of the Russian Academy ofAgricultural Sciences, Salt Zaymishche, Chernoyarsky district, Astrakhan, Russia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Eight modern wheat varieties (viz., Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) were evaluated to find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition, to find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety and to find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Wheat Research Center (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 m above sea level.), Bangladesh, under eight sowing times (viz., 8 Nov., 15 Nov., 22 Nov., 29 Nov., 6 Dec., 13 Dec., 20 Dec. and 27 Dec.). Results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27, from the studied aspects of yield and yield components. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2^nd), Sourav (3^rd), Prodip (4^th), Bijoy (5^th), Gourab (6^th), Sufi (7^th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). In extremely heat stress (November 08 and December 27) condition Prodip was found to be heat sensitive genotype (yield reduction 41.18 and 28.92%), followed by BARI Gom-26 (yield reduction 41.15 and 22.73%). Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant. In very early (November 08), variety Sourav (yield reduction 20.47%) is recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 (yield reduction 27.91%) and in very late (December 27), Sufi is the best (yield reduction 8.60%), followed by Bijoy (yield reduction 11.05%).

Keywords: Wheat, Temperature, Genotypes, Yield and Agronomic Characters

Location: Wheat Research Center (WRC) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Bangladesh.

Start Date: 01-11-2009

End Date: 30-04-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition
To find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety
To find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety.

Methodology:

High temperature influenced modification of plant physiological processes. These effects differ from one phonological stage to another. The variations might be due to difference in genetic make-up of the varieties and their interactions with the environment. Weather conditions during wheat growing period It is observed that crop sown on November 08 and 15, maximum temperature in vegetative stage was near at ≥30°C and minimum was ≤15°C, but at grain filling stage maximum was ≥25°C and minimum was 10 to 12°C (27 December to 20 January). The temperature of vegetative stage in November 08 and 15 sowings are not suitable for good yield, because at vegetative stage maximum temperature was above 30°C, which affected on stand establishment of crop and tillers production, ultimately poor yield. The early sown (1^st and 2^nd week of November) crop got unfavorable environment (high temperature) at vegetative stage as a result crop become thinned and produced less tillers, despite of the heading and grain formation stages is favorable, but the crop did not recover the stress which was got at vegetative stage. Wheat sown on November 22 to December 20, average maximum temperature in vegetative stage, was near at 25°C and minimum was near at 15°C, but at grain-filling stage average maximum temperature was also near at 25°C and minimum was near at 10 to 15°C, which is suitable for good yield in crop. The optimum temperature for grain development of wheat lies within the temperature range of 10-15°C to 13-18°C and with the increase in temperature from 10-21°C to 25-30°C, grain growth is reduced by 38%, as a result, grain size is reduced significantly. On the other hand in extremely late sowing (December 27) condition, during germination, minimum temperature was very low ≤10°C and at vegetative stage temperature was maximum ≥25°C and minimum ≤10°C, but at grain filling stage maximum was ≥30°C and minimum was ≤ 18 to 20°C (Mach-April), which was also no suitable for proper growth and good yield. Moderately high temperatures (25- 32°C) and short periods of very high temperatures (33-40°C and above) during grain filling severely affect the yield, yield components of wheat and barley. The late crop which was sown on extremely late (last week of December) suffered severely from heat stress during grain formation in March leading to abnormal development and poor production, due to shorten of life span. Days to physiological maturity Days to physiological maturity decreased significantly from early to late sowing. It can be inferred that, all the variety sown on (08 November) need maximum days for physiological maturity as compared to late sowing (27 December). It was noticed that the variety Shatabdi need highest days to physiological maturity in all sowing condition, closely followed by Sourav, Bijoy, BARI Gom-26, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and minimum days need for variety Sufi and Gourab.

Source of Information: ISSN: 2224-0616 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1-2): 44-54, December, 2011 Available at http://www.ijarit.webs.com

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that grain yield and its components were affected considerably by sowing date. The results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27 sowings for the studied aspects of growth and yield. The thermal time required by wheat to reach maturity was nearly constant irrespective of temperature and date of sowing. It is, therefore, recommended that the crop should be sown by November 22 to December 20. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes variety Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2nd), Sourav (3^rd), Prodip (4^th), Bijoy (5^th), Gourab (6^th), Sufi (7^th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). Variety Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant as compared to yield reduction in both too early (November 08) and very late (December 27) condition. Only in very early sowing condition (November 08) Sourav is first recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 and in very late (December 27) condition Sufi is first recommended, followed by Bijoy.

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