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Intoxication of Added Rice Straws in Soil on the Growth and Yield of Transplant Aman Rice

Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman
Scientific Officer
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Center Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, BANGLADESH.

Dr. Md. Habibur Rahman Pramanik
Professor
Department of Crop Botany Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from 5 August 2004 to 3 December 2004 to study the effects of added rice straws in soil on the growth and yield of T. aman rice. Rice straw was incorporated into soil at the rate of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 40 t ha^–1. The results revealed that leaf area development, DM production, crop growth rates, and yield were significantly increased due to the added rice straw @ 10 t ha^-1 but those declined at higher doses (20 or 40 t ha^-1). The extracts from the straw treated soils significantly inhibit the germination percentage of lettuce especially at higher dose of rice straw (20 or 40 t ha^-1). This leads to the conclusion that the excess amount of added rice straws in soil significantly reduced the growth and grain yield of rice possibly through the release of toxic chemicals in soil.

Keywords: Intoxication, Rice straw, Yield,

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 05-08-2004

End Date: 03-12-2004

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bio fertilizer

Objectives:

The study was undertaken to observe the inhibitory effect, if any, of the decomposing rice residues on the subsequent T. Aman rice crop.

Methodology:

Cultivation procedures: Threshed and semi-decomposed Aus rice straws (BRRI dhan26) left on ground for two months were taken to the experimental field. The straws were chopped into small pieces (about 10 cm) and incorporated into the soil at the rate of 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 40 t ha^–1 before transplantation. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Thirty-day old rice seedlings (BRRI dhan30) were transplanted in the straw treated plots each of 10 m² size.

Sampling for growth analysis: From each unit plot five hills (excluding border ones) were selected at ten days intervals from one side, tagged, uprooted carefully and encased in polythene bags, and taken to the laboratory for recording data on plant height, leaf area and dry matter production. The harvested plants were separated into leaf, stem and root and their corresponding dry weights were recorded after drying at 80^oC for 48 h. Before drying total leaf area was measured by an electronic area meter (LI 3000, USA). Leaf area index and crop growth rate was calculated following the formulae of Hunt (1978).

Bioassay: Soil (500 g) from each straw treated plot was collected towards maturity (90 DAT) and suspended in 500 ml 40% Ethanol. The suspension was filtered (Whatmann no.1) and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness using the Labconco freeze dryer (Model-77550). The dried residues were diluted with 60 ml distilled water and treated as 100% stock solution. Five milliliters from the stock solution was used to moisten the tissue paper (germination medium) taken in petridishes as per treatments. Thirty lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa var. Green wave) were placed in each treated petridish with six replications and were kept in dark at room temperature (24⁰-25⁰C). Reduction in germination percent of lettuce seeds over control (extract from control plots) was treated as the inhibition potential of the extracts from soils.

Data analysis: Data recorded on different parameters and analyzed following the common statistical package (MSTATC software). The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by DMRT.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Soc. Agric. Sci. Technol., 2(3&4) : 9-12, 2005

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.	Budget: 10000

Total Budget (Tk.) : 10000

Achievement/Findings:

LAIs were significantly affected due to the addition of rice straws and increased linearly till 65 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by decline in all treatments but the rate of decline was much faster in S₂₀ and S₄₀ treatments. Irrespective of amount straw added initial DM increments were almost linear till 55 DAT followed by a very slow increase in all the treatments. Maximum DM accumulation was observed in S₁₀ treated plots compared to those of other treatments throughout the growth period. S₄₀ treatment had the lowest DM production, which was statistically identical with that of S₂₀ throughout the growth period. The higher levels of straw treatment (S₂₀ and S₄₀) always showed a lower trend of CGR than that of control or lower straw treatments (S₅ and S₁₀). The increasing rate of CGRs at low doses of straw treatment or at control might be associated with higher LAI. The extract from the soil alone showed no phytotoxicity whereas extracts from the straw-treated soil showed much inhibition indicating that excess addition of rice straw (S₂₀ and S₄₀) caused much release of phytotoxic chemicals which might have affected the growth of lettuce germination or rice plants in field condition. It is evident that the excess addition of rice straw (S₂₀ and S₄₀) causes exudation of some phytotoxic chemicals which had affected the growth of rice plants, yield attributes and ultimate yield of transplanted aman rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal