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Determination of Immune Response Against Alum-precipitated Fowl Cholera Vaccine in the Quail, Coturnix Japonica

M. T. Iqbal
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. H. Haque
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

S. Sarker
Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi

M. A. Islam
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

K. A. Choudhury
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The immune response of a formalin-inactivated alum-precipitated fowl cholera vaccine (FCV) was evaluated in quails, Coturnix japonica (Order: Galliformes and Family: Mimidae). All quails, irrespective of sex and 8-weeks-old were immunized with 5×107CFU/ml/quail subcutaneously (SC) and intramuscularly (IM). A Booster immunization was given with similar dose and routes at 15 days after primary immunization in groups A and B while group C served as unimmunized control. Pre-immunized sera were collected from all groups of birds to assay the primary antibody levels in them. Sera of the immunized and control quails were collected at 15 and 30 days post immunization. The degree of immunity produced in each group of quails following primary and secondary immunizations were determined by measuring their serum antibody titres using passive haemagglutination assay (PHA) test. The level of antibody was significantly increased both primary and booster immunization in immunized quails as determined by PHA titres. Two weeks after final immunization, the quails were challenged with a virulent isolate of fowl cholera and immunized quails conferred 100% protection while all the control quails were dead within 10 days post challenge.

Keywords: Fowl cholera, alum-precipitated vaccine, immune response, PHA test, quail

Location: BAU, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity:

Objectives:

The present research therefore was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety level of alum-precipitated FCV with their immunogenic response in quail.

Methodology:

A total of 30 eight-week-old quails Coturnix japonica (Galliformes:Mimidae) used for this study were purchased from the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) poultry farm, Mymensingh These quails were reared in the poultry shed of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh supplying food and water ad libidum with maintaining proper biosecurity. Pasteurella multocida (PM-38) serotype 1(X-73) was collected from the same Department and used for the preparation of formalin killed alum-precipitated FCV as well as challenge virulent organisms. The quails were equally divided into three experimental groups namely A, B, and C and were maintained in separate cages. Each of the quails of A and B groups was immunized with 0.5 ml of 5×107CFU of the FCV through subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) route, respectively. Booster immunization was administered in A and B groups after 15 days of primary immunization. Quails of the group C served as unimmunized control throughout the experimental period. The immune response was studied by using passive haemagglutination assay (PHA) and protection tests to determine the presence of antibody against P. multocida in the serum of quails immunized with the prepared FCV. PHA test was conducted according to the procedure described by Tripathy et al. (1970) and Islam et al. (2004). The protection test was conducted on both immunized and control groups of quails with the same dose rate mentioned above through IM route as described by Choudhury et al. (1985) and Islam et al. (2004). The challenged quails were observed up to 10 days for the development of any clinical signs and symptoms of FC. P. multocida was reisolated from challenged quails according to the method of Choudhury et al. (1987). Statistical significance was evaluated using student’ t test. All the analyses were performed using SPSS (10.0 version). A p-value of <0.05 being considered as statistically significant.

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi. Univ. Vol. 29, 2010 pp. 57-60 ISSN 1023-6104

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Independent samples t-tests revealed that immune response was non significant due to route variation. Paired samples t-tests showed thatimmune response of secondary immunization was significantly higher (102.4) than the primary immunization. The mean PHA titre after primary and secondary immunization induce better immune response in quail but no remarkable variation in immune response were recorded between two routes of vaccination. Thus it may be concluded that the route did not cause any variation in production of immune response. The present finding did not correlate with many of the investigators. The experimental FCV conferred 100% protection (P<0.01) against challenge infections.Therefore, it may be suggested the formalin killed alum-precipitated FCV prepared with highly antigenic strain of P. multocida should be used to provide better protection against the epidemic FC in quail. However, further study with large number of quails to determine the efficacy of routes of immunization and establishment of Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test instead of PHA for determination of immune response is necessary to conclude about the present study

Knowledge Management: Journal