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Alteration of Haematolocial Parameters of “zeol Fish”- Clarias Batrachus Exposed to Malathion

Akhtarunnessa Chowdhury
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Masudul Haq
Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Clarias batrachus, locally called zeol fish, reared in fresh water on protein diet were exposed to 5% (8.77 mg/l active ingredient) and 10% (17.74 mg/l active ingredient) concentrations of malathion at 24 h intervals, for three weeks in cement tanks containing 580 liters of water with a constant flow (1.5/1 min) of aerated dechlorinated tap water with no recirculation under natural light. Weekly two cc venous blood was drawn from each sample to determine the haematolocial parameters using EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) as an anticoagulant. The findings of this study showed that malathion in different concentrations have some diverse effects on the haematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Exposer to10% concentration of malathion was found to have a lethal effect on RBC, thrombocyte, neutrophil and Hb concentration which caused death of the fish with the sign of hypochromic microcytic anemia. Exposer to 5% concentration, on the other hand, showed leucopoenia due to decreased leucocyte counts. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and differential count of WBC levels showed decreased values at 5% concentration of malathion. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb and concentration and MCH were observed during the exposer to the pesticide malathion. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of RBC, MCHC, PCV, MCV and WBC. Key words:

Keywords: Zeol fish, Clarias batrachus, Malathion, Haematology, Anemia, Leucopoenia.

Location: Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To determine the effects of malathion on the haematological parameters of C. batrachus in order to monitor the general health of the fish species.

Methodology:

A group of 30 fishes with an average weight of 140 ±14 g, reared in natural pond water at a fish farm, located at Gazipur, Dhaka were transferred to aquarium fish rearing facility at zoological garden of Dhaka university. They were acclimatized for a week during April 2000. The fish were exposed to 5% (8.77 mg/l active ingredient) and 10% (17.74 mg/l active ingredient) concentrations of malathion at 24 h intervals, for three weeks in rectangular glass tanks (100 cc x 100 cm) containing 580 liter water with constant pump aerated flow (1.5/l min) of dechlorinated tap water with no recirculation under natural light. Ten fishes were placed in each two treatment tanks and rest 10 were treated as control without exposure to malathion. The temperature range, dissolved oxygen, pH levels and total hardness, CaCo₃ were record as 18.5-32ºC, 8-9 ppm, 7.8 and 102 mg, respectively. During the period the fishes were on protein diet (75% fish meal + 10% rice barn + 10% oil cake + 5% vitamins). The treatment of 10% malathion could not be completed due to the death of all the fishes within two days. At the end of each week, four fishes from 5% malathion exposure tank and four fishes from control tanks were taken out for blood collection and released again into the tanks. Approximately two cc venous blood using EDTA (ethylene diaminete traacetic acid) as anticoagulant was drawn from each sample for the estimation of haematological parameters, viz. Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Total White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration. For the estimation of the above parameters the Packed Cell Volume (PVC) method described by Blaxahall and Daisley was followed. The erythrocytic characteristic like values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were calculated according to Reddy and Bashamohideen (1989). The results are presented as means ± SD. Difference between parameters were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant means were subjected to a multiple comparison test (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at P=0.05 level.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(2): 183-188, 2012

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of this study showed that malathion in different concentrations have some diverse effects on the haematological parameters of Clarias batrachus. Exposer to10% concentration of malathion was found to have a lethal effect on RBC, thrombocyte, neutrophil and Hb concentration which caused death of the fish with the sign of hypochromic microcytic anemia. Exposer to 5% concentration, on the other hand, showed leucopoenia due to decreased leucocyte counts. Haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations and values of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and differential count of WBC levels showed decreased values at 5% concentration of malathion. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in Hb and concentration and MCH were observed during the exposer to the pesticide malathion. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in the levels of RBC, MCHC, PCV, MCV and WBC.

Knowledge Management: Journal