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Irrigation Scheduling of Wheat Based on Cropwat Programme

Kshirode C. Roy
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore, Bangladesh during the winter season of 1994-95 to compare different irrigation schedules of wheat and potato based on the FAO-developed CROPWAT programme, Irrigation management conditions were varied to estimate the crop production under rainfed and different irrigated regimes. Climatic, soil and crop data were used as input to the programme. The programme gives exact time and depth of water to apply for different options and yield reduction along with other outputs. In this experiment each irrigation defined by user, irrigation at critical depletion, below and above critical depletion, fixed interval, fixed depletion and no irrigation timing options were used. Grain yield varied significantly among different treatments in wheat. The highest yield of 3.74 tonka was obtained when 3 irrigation were given amounting 277 mm water. There was no significant difference in yield between 3 and 4 irrigations. The model-predicted yield agreed well with the observed yield in wheat.

Keywords: Irrigation, Wheat, Yield

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore

Start Date: 00-00-1994

End Date: 22-03-1995

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To compare yields and yield contributing characters of wheat under different irrigation scheduling regimes
To obtain the best irrigation schedule.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore during the Rabi season of 1994-95. The texture of the soil was silty clay loam and slightly alkaline in nature. Field capacity and willing point of various layers ranged between 33.22-42.99 and 12.12-15.84 per cent on volume basis, respectively. The bulk density of various layers .anged between 1.34 and 1.50 g/cc. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was used. The size of each plot was 3 m x 5 m. The spacing between plots was 0.5 m. Kanchan variety was sown on 25 Novernl.er 1994 in lines of 20 cm space at the rate of 120 Kg/ha. Fertilizer application rates were N₁₀₀, P₆₀, K₄₀ and S₂₀ Kg/ha. All the fertilizers were applied at the time of final land preparation. The following treatments were taken: T₁ = Dryland (no pre-sowing irrigation (PSI), T₂ = PSI + irrig, @ field capacity (FC) at 20, 45 and 70 days after sowing (DAS), T₃ = PSI + irrig. @ FC at 80% depletion of readily available moisture (RAM), T₄ = PSI + irrig. @ FC at 100% depletion of RAM T₅, = PSI + irrig. @ FC at 120% depletion of RAM, T₆ = PSI + irrig. @ FC at a fixed interval of 20 days up to 80 DAS, T₇ = PSI + irrig. at 50 mm depletion. Soil moisture content was measured before sowing and after harvest by gravimetric method. Soil samples were taken from 0-15, 15-30,30-45,45-60,60-75 and 75-90 cm soil depths. In T₁, a small amount of water was applied in the furrows made for sowing seeds for germination. Since there was not enough residual moisture in the soil due to low rainfall, measured amount of water was sprinkled by cans after a few days of sowing in dryland treatment. Irrigation in other treatments was given as per the programme output. Measured amount of water was applied to individual plots. In practice, it is very difficult to apply the exact amount of water evenly on all the fields by surface irrigation method. Therefore, more water was applied and amount of excess water was calculated to determine the irrigation application efficiency (Ea). Plant population, plant height, 1000-grain weight and. grain and straw yields were recorded. Number of spikes per square metre and number of grain per spike were calculated after the harvest. Out of 3m x 5m of each plot, middle 2m x 4m was harvested on 22 March 1995. To calculate the number of spike per square metre and number of grains per spike, bundle of each plot was untied and laid on a thin layer on the floor. A number of samples were taken from the laid out materials and bulked into a sub-sample. The weight of each sub-sample was about 8-10 percent of the plot harvested. The sub-samples were weighed and the number of spikes in the sub-samples were counted.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURE ENGINEERS, Vol-1, pp. 143-152, December 15-17, 1997

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the experiment it can be inferred that the CROPWAT model can be used for irrigation scheduling and prediction of yield of wheat. The highest yield of 3.74 ton/ha was obtained when 3 irrigations were given amounting 277 mm water. There was no significant difference in yield between J and 4 inigations. The model-predicted yield agreed well with the observed yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal