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Strength Properties and Dimensional Stability of Particleboard Made from Furniture Wastage

K. AKHTER
Divisional officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

M. M. RAHAMAN
Research officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

D. BISWAS
Senior Research officer
Pulp and paper Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

M.W. SHEIKH
Research officer
Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to find out the suitability of making particleboard using waste wood and planner shavings. Waste wood were converted into chips. Particleboards were fabricated at five different ratios of wood chips and planner shavings. Ratios were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Results show that particleboards made from 100% planner shavings have good static bending properties and excellent tensile strength. Both the values satisfy the Indian and British standards. The percentage of thickness swelling and water absorption were measured after 2 hours and 24 hours soaking cold water at room temperature for all types of board. Lowest thickness swelling and water absorption were found in the board made of 100% planner shavings. Particleboards made from 75% and 50% planner shavings also satisfy the Indian standard. It is concluded that planner shavings from different wood based industries can be used for making conventional particleboard of significant strength properties.

Keywords: Strength properties, Dimensional stability, Particleboard, Furniture wastage, Urea-formaldehyde glue.

Location: Veneer and Composite Wood Products Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong .

Start Date: 01-07-2006

End Date: 30-06-2010

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity:

Objectives:

To determine the suitability of particle board making.

Methodology:

Materials and methods

Furniture wastage and planner shavings were collected from the furniture unit of Bangladesh Forest Industries Development Corporation. Eighty percent waste was garjan (Diptrerocarpus, sp. gr. 0.71) and rests were teak (Tectona grandis, sp.gr 0.61) and telsur (Hopea odorata, sp.gr. 0.64).

Particle preparation

Waste woods were cut into pieces of shorter length. The pieces were hammer milled to chips using screen of 0.63cm diameter. The chips were then sieved through 20-mesh screen to remove dust and fines. The length and thickness of chips was larger than those of planner shavings. The planner shavings were wider than the chips. The chips and planner shavings were dried in the batch oven at 70^oC temperatures to 4 to 5% moisture content.

Board formation

Fifteen single layer particleboards were prepared in the laboratory hot press using the screened chips and planner shavings. The dimension of the particleboard was 50 cm x 50 cm x 1.25 cm having a target density of 750 kg/m³. The temperature of the platens of the hot press was maintained at 140^oC. Particle of different sizes were mixed in different ratios. Liquid urea formaldehyde glue having 10% solid content based on oven dry chips was used in the particleboard making. The liquid urea formaldehyde was catalyzed with 2% hardener (ammonium chloride). The mats of the board were formed manually in wooden fabricated bordered frame. The formed mats of the particleboard were pressed initially at 35 kg/cm²for 6 minutes. These pressures were then lowered in firstly 10.5 kg/cm²for 4 minutes and then 3.5 kg /cm² for 2 minutes. The boards were then conditioned at 65 ±5% relative humidity and 20±2^oC temperature before they were put to tests.

Board testing

The particleboards were cut into tests specimens. The static bending tests (modulus of rupture in bending) were carried out according to specification of IS: 2380 (Anon 1977) with a constant loading speed of the testing machine at 5mm/minutes.The tensile strength perpendicular to the surface was also carried out according to the specification of IS: 2380 (Anon 1977).

Water absorption and thickness swelling due to general absorption of water were done. Three specimens of size 100 mm x 100 mm were taken from each board. The thickness of the specimens was measured with the platform type thickness gauze with an accuracy of 0.01 mm and immersed in 25 mm depth of cold water at room temperature. At the end of 2 hours and 24 hours, the test specimens were withdrawn from water, wiped with a damp cloth, reweighed and remeasured the thickness as before. The percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling were then calculated.

Source of Information: . Bangladesh Journal of Forest Science Vol 32(2):61-65, 2013.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The strength properties and the dimensional stability of particleboard made from planner shavings are satisfactory and the board can be used as furniture components and other purposes. The particle size of planner shavings is unequal and it does not affect the strength properties of the board. The tensile strength perpendicular to surface was much higher which indicated stronger bonding. The value of percentage of thickness swelling and water absorption satisfies the different standards. Since urea formaldehyde glue is used as binder, the products are recommended for internal uses. No water repellent was used in this preparation. Addition of additives may improve the properties of the particleboards.

It was concluded that furniture wastage can be used for manufacturing particleboard of high strength properties and dimensional stability. It is, therefore, possible to conserve forest resources by ensuring maximum utilization of forest produces.

Knowledge Management: