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Prevalence of Diseases, Morbidity and Mortality of Black Bengal Goats Under Different Management Systems in Bangladesh

M A Kashem
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4202, Chittagong

M A Hossain
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4202, Chittagong

S S U Ahmed
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4202, Chittagong

M A Halim
Department of Agricultural Economics and Social Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4202, Chittagong

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was carried out in Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal to identify the prevalence of diseases, morbidity and mortality of Black Bengal goats (BBGs) under semi-intensive system reared by moderate and ultra poor households in Bangladesh during the period from February 2008 to July 2009. A total of 168 female goats and 9 bucks were recorded from two types of households of which 125 goats were infected (74.70%) by a number of diseases and lead to mortality (17.26%). Survival rates and mortality percentage of kids were 80.60 and 19.40, respectively but the highest mortality was in Habiganj (21.18%). Seasons had special influences on mortality of adult goats (35.81%) and kids (64.19%) where the highest mortality rates were 22.22% and 25.93%, respectively in rainy season. PPR had the highest mortality rates (37.93% in adults and 25.00% in kids) followed by pneumonia (24.14% and 21.15%, respectively). Predator invasion was the other remarkable cause for increased kids’ mortality (23.08%). The study suggests that hygienic management practices, adequate supply of nutrients, and vaccination and deworming programmes in semi-intensive rearing system of BBGs at rural level will improve the survival rates of adult goats and kids.

Keywords: Prevalence, survival rates, morbidity, mortality, seasons, Black Bengal goats.

Location: Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal

Start Date: 01-02-2008

End Date: 31-07-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

The disease prevalence, morbidity and mortality of BBGs in relation to season, location and management systems and possible causes of mortality of adult goats and kids in the selected areas.

Methodology:

The present study was conducted in three districts viz. Faridpur, Habiganj and Barisal, from February 2008 to July 2009. A two-stage stratified sampling procedure was applied for the selection of farmers to conduct this field based experiment. In the first stage, three districts were selected purposively from Microfinance and Technical Support Project areas under Palli Karma Sahayak Foundation. Subsequently two villages were selected from an Upazila under each district and selected two types of goat rearers such as moderate and ultra poor households. The necessary preliminary data related to the objectives of the study were collected from the NGO workers and finally by interviewing the selected farmers. A distinction was made between the ultra poor and moderate poor households by considering some criteria. Beneficiaries occupying only homestead areas, having no crop lands and calorie intake less than 1800 kcal/day were termed ultra poor households; while those occupying homestead areas, having land areas up to 0.50 acres and calorie intake less than 2122 kcal/day were termed moderate poor households. A total of 12 households from each category were chosen from selected NGO beneficiaries. As a whole, a total of 72 households came under the study for rearing BBGs. Three separate ultra poor households were also selected from two adjacent villages for rearing of buck (as buck rearers) for breeding of the does of the study areas as well as for serving neighbouring areas at a reasonable rate. A total of 168 six month-old does and 9 breeding bucks were distributed among two types of beneficiaries at three locations. Both the moderate and ultra poor households were divided into three herd sizes such as herd size 1, 2 and 3 with 1, 2 and 4 numbers of goats respectively. Breeding bucks were given to three separate beneficiaries in each selected district. Data were collected from standard record keeping books by locally employed field assistants. The following data were recorded: number of goats distributed, number of kids born, infected goats and kids, dead goats and kids, seasonal influence (summer, winter and rainy), diagnosed diseases (based on history and cardinal signs), treatment (provided by project fund) and management system (semi-intensive) of goats. The collected data were cross verified through visiting the areas and comparing the data by the field assistants. Data were then edited and coded in the project implementation office at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University and were analyzed. Data processing included field and office editing, coding and tabulation. The data entry template was designed in Microsoft Excel. Consistency cross checks and keystroke errors were also detected and corrected accordingly.

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 01-04 ISSN 1023-6104

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The causes of death of adult goats and kids are shown in Table 4. During study the highest percentage of adult mortality (37.93%) was due to PPR followed by pneumonia (24.14%) among the infectious diseases in all herd sizes. Other infectious diseases such as diarrhea (13.79%) and contagious ecthyma (13.79%) were also observed in adult goats. Non-infectious cause has lower effects on adult goats. Major causes of kids mortality (25.00%) was also due to PPR followed by invasion of predator (23.08%), and pneumonia (21.15%). Kids’ mortality rate dramatically increased due to infectious diseases and predator invasion. Other infectious diseases such as diarrhea (17.31%), contagious ecthyma (15.38%) and tetanus (3.85%) have positive impact on kids’ mortality. From the above findings, it is important to adopt better management and preventive intervention to reduce the adult and kids mortality in semi-intensive rearing systems as well as improvement of living status of goat rearers.

Knowledge Management: Journal