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Study on the Incidence and Severity of White Mold of Mustard in Relation to Weather Factors

Md. Sakhawat hossain
Chief Scientific Officer
ORC, BARI, Gazipur

M. M. Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, gazipur

M. E. Rahman
Scientific Officer
Plant pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Stem rot of mustard caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the most common in temperate regions. Earlier it was a minor disease in Bangladesh but now a day, it has become the serious disease of mustard. A field study was conducted at RARS, Jamalpur ARS Burirhat and Alamnagar, Rangpur with BARI Sarsa-14 during rabi 2011-2012. The experiment was designed in RCB with 3 replications .The treatments were: T₁=seed sowing at 21 October, T₂= seed sowing at 1 Nov, T₃= seed sowing at 11 Nov, T₄= seed sowing at 21 Nov, T₅= seed sowing at 1 Dec. and T₆= seed sowing on 11 Dec. the disease infect the crop within 12 – 18º C. The highest per hectare seed yield with lower disease were obtained from 11 November sown plot at Burirhat location and 1 November plots at Alamnagar location. White mold disease did not appear at Jamalpur location.

Keywords: White mould, Mustard, Weather

Location: ORC, BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2011

End Date: 30-06-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

The experiment was undertaken to determine the relationship of weather factors for developing the white mold disease and to find out the suitable sowing time for better yield with minimum disease.

Methodology:

The field study was conducted at RARS, Jamalpur ARS Burirhat and Alamnagar, Rangpur with BARI Sarsa-14 during rabi 2011-2012. The experiment was designed in RCB with 3 replications where plot size was 2.5m x 2m. The spacing was 40 cm x 10 cm. The treatments were: T₁=seed sowing at 21 October, T₂= seed sowing at 1 Nov, T₃= seed sowing at 11 Nov, T₄= seed sowing at 21 Nov, T₅= seed sowing at 1 Dec. and T₆= seed sowing on 11 Dec. The crop was allowed to grow under natural infection condition. Irrigation and other cultural practices were done as and when necessary. The incidence and severity of diseases were recorded according to Bakr et al. (2010). Data on number of pod/plant, Number of seed/pod and seed yield per plant and per plot were recorded. Yield (t/ha) data was computed on the basis of plot yield. Weather data (%RH, soil and ambient temperature, rainfall) was also recorded.

Source of Information: SPGR sub-project completion report. 2014. “Studies on the impact of climate change on fungal disease of crops”. Submitted to PIU-BARC, NATP Phase-1, BARC, Farmgate, Dhaka.19-20 pp.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. World Bank

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of these experiments are presented in table 1. On 21 October sown plots, the white mold disease appeared at first January both at Alamnagar and Burirhat location. However, on other treatments the white mold symptoms recorded during the month of January and it was earlier at Alamnagar location than Burirhat location with varying degrees of severity. In Both the locations the disease severity was more or less similar and the lowest severity of infection was recorded on 21 October sown plots and the highest on 1 December sown plots. It was also observed that the pathogen infect the crop when it was 65 to 70 days in age (pod formation stage). It has been reported that mustard crop is very prone to white mold infection during pod formation stage and the disease infect the crop within 12 – 18º C. The highest per hectare seed yield with lower disease were obtained from 11 November sown plot at Burirhat location and 1 November plots at Alamnagar location. White mold disease did not appear at Jamalpur location.

It appears that during December the average temperature and relative humidity were 18º C and 78% in both Rangpur Jamalpur locations whereas during January the average temperature and relative humidity were 17º C and 79% at Jamalpur location, 14.4º C and 84% at Rangpur, respectively. The plots sown on 21 October having the pod formation during December having higher temperature and lower relative humidity might be the cause lower disease. November sown plots pas the pod formation stage during late December and January when the temperature about 15⁰C. Percentage of relative humidity was the highest during December, January and February in both Jamalpur and Rangpur location. As the crop (BARI Sarisa-14) is a short duration mustard variety (75 – 82 days life span) the plots sown during November and December got the benefit of low temperature and higher relative humidity during the flowering and pod formation stages and hence the pollination and fertilization process of the crop were favoured and that might be the cause of higher seed yield.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings