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Biochemical Composition and Oil Characteristics of Sunhemp Seed, an Unconventional Legume in Bangladesh

M.G. Mortuza
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. Mamun
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.H. Rashid
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea) seed was analyzed for nutrient composition and oil characteristics. Nutrient composition of the whole seed and its three parts- testa, tegmen and kernel showed that most of the crude protein (62.94%) and oil (8.20%) were located in the kernel. Testa contained 44.44% crude fibre while the whole seed contained 13.77%. Whole seed contained 36.67% crude protein and 31.77% starch on dry basis. Distribution of nitrogen in the whole seed according to Osborne scheme showed that 28.77% of the total nitrogen was in the glutelin fraction followed by albumin (13.12%) and globulin (7.37%). In case of kernel the percent nitrogen extracted in the albumin fraction was 19.64% followed by globulin (12.57%) and prolamin (0.68%). The whole seed oil (5.33%) and kernel oil (7.16%) had a saponification value of 241.5 and 365.3, respectively. Iodine value of whole seed oil and kernel oil was, respectively 21.19 and 20.30, indicating the presence of unsaturated fatty acid in them. Carotene was also determined and found to contained 19.2 mg% in kernel. Whole seed contained 6.62% calcium and 0.44% phosphorous. Sunhemp seed was found to contain 35% gum which is almost wholly present in the tegmen. From the biochemical composition, it is concluded that there is a possibility of utilization of this unconventional legume as protein supplement.

Keywords: Sunhemp, Crotalaria juncea, Leguminosae, Nutrient, Seed

Location: Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Sunhemp

Objectives:

1. The aim of this investigation was, therefore, to get the first hand idea of the nutritive value of locally available sunhemp seed.

Methodology:

Seed Collection: Seeds were collected from the Dairy Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University. For preparation of sample for chemical analysis, the collected seeds were sun dried, cleaned and stored in polythene bag until required for analysis. In dried condition the tightly adhering skin could not be removed manually or mechanically. The seeds were, therefore, soaked in water for 12-18 hours. As a result of swelling the seed skin burst and was removed manually. Although laborious, but in this way three clean fractions- testa, tegmen and kernel were obtained. Testa, tegmen and kernel were dried in an oven at 70-80°C, ground and redried. They were stored in desiccator until analyzed. Kernel and whole seed meal were partially defatted for the study of protein solubility. Analytical Method: The proximate analysis [Moisture, crude protein (N x 5.85) crude fat, crude fibre and ash] of testa, tegmen and kernel was carried out according to the standard procedures given in Association of Official Analytical Chemists. NFE was calculated by difference [100 – (crude protein + crude fat + crude fibre + ash)]. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) was determined by trichloroacetic acid precipitation followed by determuration of nitrogen in aliquots of the filtrate by Kjeldahl method. Starch was determined by multiplying the amount of glucose with 0.9. Distribution of nitrogen in the defatted flour was carried out according to the Osborne Scheme. Ca and P were determined by Hunter method. Carotene was determined. Crude gum was estimated by filtation procedure. The percent oil content, saponification value, iodine number, free fatty acid value and peroxide value were estimated by the method of Chopra and Kanwar. All the analysis were performed in triplicate and the mean values were recorded.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (2): 35-37, 2009; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The whole seed contained 15.48% moisture and 36.67% crude protein. The kernel alone contained 62.94% crude protein while testa and tegmen contained relatively much less crude protein (4.71% and 2.12% respectively). Total crude fat content was found to be 6.30% indicating the seed contained appreciable quantity of oil. Of the three parts of the seed, kernel contained the highest amount of lipid (8.20%) followed by testa (1.20%) and tegmen (0.59%). Crude fibre content was found 13.77% in whole seed. However, testa contained the highest amount of crude fibre (44.44%) while relatively much less amounts of crude fibre present in kernel (2.29%) and tegmen (2.65%). Sunhemp whole seed contained 55.43% NFE.

Knowledge Management: Journal