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Present Status of Gayal (bos Frontalis) in the Home Tract of Bangladesh

MO Faruque
Department of Animal Breeding, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MF Rahaman
Department of Animal Breeding, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

MA Hoque
Department of Animal Breeding, Bangladesh Agriculture University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

K Ikeya
National Museum of Ethnology, Suita, Osaka 565-8511, Japan.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Gayal (Bos frontalis) is a semi domesticated and endangered bovine species in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to know the present distribution, performances and utility of gayal in the home tract. Bandarban Hill district was found the home tract of gayal in Bangladesh. Gayals were reared under extensive management system in the forest of Bandarban Hill district. They browse d forest herbs and grass freely in the forest and came to human dwelling for salt licking. Total number of gayal was counted between 800-900. The average number of gayal per farmer was 5.01. The coat color of adult gayal was black. White stocking was very prominent in adult gayal. The height at wither and weight for adult males ranged from 126 to 136 cm and 490 to 577 kg, respectively. Reproductive efficiency was high and calving interval was 402 days. They exhibited high disease resistant. The PVC (Pack Cell Volume) and hemoglobin value was 33.5±5.71% and 13.43±2.9 g/dl, respectively. Gayal was used only as meat animal . The high growth rate and reproductive efficiency of gayal in the home tract indicates that this species can be utilized economically if proper breeding plan and sound extension service can be adopted.

Keywords: Gayal, Home tract, Distribution, Phenotypes, Utility, Bangladesh

Location: Tanchi, Ruma and Royangchhari upazila

Start Date: 01-04-2008

End Date: 31-12-2012

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Animal

Objectives:

1. To find out the present stock position of gayal, their geographical distribution, morphology, production system and utility in their home tract.

2. To find out the status and utility of gayal in situ for better utilization in future.

Methodology:

Field survey was conducted in different areas of Bandarban Hill district with the help of respective local Livestock Offices and local tribal people. The goal was to know the geographical distribution of gayal, its production environment and system in home tract. 10 field trips were made from April 2008 to December 2012. Tanchi, Ruma and Royangchhari upazila were found the home tract of gayal. In the middle of 2011, 20 gayals of two tribal villages near the Bangladesh and Myanmar boarder in Ruma Upazila were selected for recording the morphology and production traits of gayal. Through the field trips and animal recording, the following information was collected: Ecology and vegetation patter of home tract of gayal, Total number of gayal in the home tract, Morphology of gayal (Coat color, body measurement, body conformation), Feeds and Feeding behavior, Reproductive parameters, Incidence of diseases and fitness and Utility of gayal. The body measurement was done by animal measuring scale and weight was taken by Holstein cattle weighing tape. Blood samples were collected from a number of individuals using venoject tubes, carried to Animal Genetics laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The blood was used to determine packed cell volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration . The PCV was estimated by use of hematocrit. Haemoglobin value was measured by acid hematin method with the help of Haemometer. Faeces were also collected from a number of individuals, carried to Parasitology laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to find out faecal eggs of gastrointestinal parasites. A modified McMaster technique was used to determine faecal eggs and to identify different ova and oocyst of nematode species. Data was analyzed statically. Information on morphology and production traits of gayal was also collected from Bhutan and Yunnan province of China in the year of 2011 and 2012 respectively through two field trips . These data were used to determine the purity of gayal in home tract of Bangladesh.

Source of Information: BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, 2015, 44(1) pp-: 75-84

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Gayal is a valuable animal genetic resource and also an endangered animal species of Bangladesh. The growth rate and reproductive efficiency of gayal in the home tract and the utilization of gayal hybrids economically in India and Bhutan indicates that this species can be conserved and used economically in Bangladesh if a well planned breeding program combined with sound extension service can be made and executed.

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