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Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yield, Water Productivity, and Economic Returns of Wheat

Dr. M. H. Ali
SSO

M.R. Hoque
Prof.
IWM, BAU

A. A. Hassan
Prof.
BAU

M.A. Khair
Prof.
IWM, BAU

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Ishurdi, Bangladesh. The wheat cultivar was ‘Shatabdi’ (Triticum aestivum), a semi-dwarf variety. It is a 120-130 day variety and suits the prevailing climate of winter season (Nov. – March). We define the water deficit treatments as follows: (i) define selected phenological stages, and (ii) devise the treatments. Water deficit was created by withholding irrigation at different growth phases. Irrigation at a particular stage was equal to 80% of the amount required to restore field capacity (F.C.) in the effective root zone depth (the depth within which 80% of the roots are concentrated).

Keywords: Opportunity cost, Marginal productivity, Water-limiting condition, Land-limiting condition

Location: Ishurdi, Pabna

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To examine the effects of single-stage and alternate-stage water deficits on yield, irrigation water productivity, and the net financial return of wheat production in northwestern Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Ishurdi, Bangladesh (co-ordinates are: latitude 24 ⁰ 06^¢ N, longitude 89⁰ 01^¢ E). The wheat cultivar was ‘Shatabdi’ (Triticum aestivum), a semi-dwarf variety. It is a 120-130 day variety and suits the prevailing climate of winter season (Nov. – March). We define the water deficit treatments as follows: (i) define selected phenological stages, and (ii) devise the treatments. The phenological cycle was divided into four phases which are considered to be most relevant from the viewpoint of their response to irrigation, i.e. phase 1: germination to crown-root initiation (CRI); phase 2: jointing to shooting (maximum tillering); phase 3: booting to heading; and phase 4: flowering to soft dough. Irrigation treatments were scheduled covering full deficit, no deficit at all, single deficit at different phases, and alternate deficits. We examined the effects of single-stage and alternate-stage water deficits on yield, irrigation water productivity, and the net financial return of wheat production in northwestern Bangladesh.

Source of Information: Agric. Water Manage., 92: 151- 161, (2007)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

When compared within single-deficit treatments, the grain yield reduction followed the order to water deficit at phases: CRI > maximum tillering >booting – heading > flowering- soft dough. Within two deficit strategies, the treatment having alternate irrigation at CRI and booting –heading phase performed better. The highest net return under both land and water limiting condition was obtained in alternate deficit strategy (irrigation at CRI stage and at booting-heading stage).From the evaluation of yield, irrigation amount, irrigation water productivity, relative water savings, relative yield reduction, and net return under limited water resource condition, it can be concluded that when limited quantities of water is available, preference should be given to irrigate first at CRI, then at heading-flowering, and then at maximum tillering stage of growth. For maximum net financial return under both land- and water-limiting condition, wheat should be irrigated at CRI and heading-flowering stages of growth. The results of this study provide an information base for making irrigation management decisions. First, profit-maximizing strategy calls for significant less water than maximum yield strategy. Second, the alternate deficit strategy produces the highest net return under both land- and water-limiting situations, thus achieving efficient and integral resource use.

Knowledge Management: Journal