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Formulation of Stevia Incorporated Cereal-legume Based Therapeutic Food for Regulating Lipid Profile

M.A. Sayed
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.G. Mortuza
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.H. Rashid
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.A. Hossain
Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Ground legumes, cereal and stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves were used in different combination to formulate five kinds of food (F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4 and F-5) to find out effective composition for lowering the serum lipid profile. The experimental rats were fed on the formulated foods: F-1 (74 g cereal + 25 g legume), F-2 (68 g cereal + 30 g legume), F-3 (62 g cereal + 35 g legume), F-4 (56 g cereal + 40 g legume) and F-5 (50 g cereal + 45 g legume). Stevia was added to diet at a rate of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% to F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4 and F-5, respectively. Control food was formulated with 20 g glucose, 38.40 g arrow root, 15 g oil and 26.60 g milk powder. The food was supplied at a rate of 15 g/day/rat for ten days and water was supplied ad libitum. Food intake was recorded every alternate day. Total food intake was maximum in control group (125.00 g) followed by F-5 (105.27 g), F-4 (105.07 g), F-1 (94.80 g), F-2 (93.38 g) and F-3 group (80.46 g). The total cholesterol levels of rats fed on F-1, F-2 and F-3 were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in control rats. HDL-cholesterol level of rats fed control food (38.29 mg/dl), F-2 (38.32 mg/dl), F-3 (38.17 mg/dl) were statistically similar. HDL-cholesterol level of rats fed on F-4 (26.67 mg/dl) and F-5 (25.07 mg/dl) were also similar. The levels were significantly lower than that of the rats fed on F-1 (45.86 mg/dl). The calculated data on LDL-cholesterol of rats fed on F-1 (4.50 mg/dl), F-2 (10.90 mg/dl), and F-3 (22.02 mg/dl) were lower than that of control rats (43.75 mg/dl). Serum triglyceride (TG) level was the highest in control rats (118.45 mg/dl) compared to those found in F-2, F-3, F-4 and F-5. This study showed a means to reduce the lipid profile of rat through the formulation of cereal and legume based food added with stevia. Thus, it is concluded that therapeutic food formulation can be a tool in the management of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: Formulation, Cereal, Legume, Soybean, Therapeutic, Lipid profile

Location: Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-05-2009

End Date: 31-05-2009

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Fortified food

Objectives:

1. To elucidiate the effect of formulated foods using legumes, cereal and stevia in various combination to find out the appropriate composition effective for lowering the lipid profiles with a view to manage the high incidence of Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in May, 2009. Sun-dried seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L), black gram (Vigna mungo), grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) mungbean (Vigna radiata L.), and soybean (Glycine max) were collected from local market of Mymensingh. Seeds were dehulled, sundried and ground by grinder. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaves were collected from Banglasdesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Pabna, Bangladesh. Dried leaves were ground by mortar and pestle and preserved in air tight containers. Food formulation: All the ingredients along with vitamin premix were added as per formula of experimental diets and mixed homogenously (Table 1 and 2). Required amount of water was added to make the mixture moist to be made into dough. The resultant dough was then passed through a 1 mm diameter pelleting machine. Finally pellets were sun dried for two days and separately stored in airtight plastic boxes. Experimental animal: Eighteen mixed albino rats of male sex (Long Evan’s strain) used in this experiment were procured from International Center of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). Experimental procedure: Thirty –day-old male Long Evans rats were randomly divided into six groups (each group of three) and housed individually in Perspex cages. After 6 days of adaptation, animals were segregated on the basis of their body weight; rats were fed for 7days on standard rat chow (15 g/day/rat) before being put on experimental diets for 10 days. Distilled water was made available ad libitum. Acclimatization of rats and experimental design: The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. After acclimatization, the rats were ready for experiment. Six groups of rat’s viz. control, F-1, F-2, F-3, F-4 and F-5 were fed for 10 days. Each rat was fed with formulated 15 g food/day. Observation of Rats: All the rats were examined twice daily for any visible physical changes like restlessness, lordosis, abnormal gait, vices and depression as well as feeding style during treatment. Collection of blood serum and estimation of lipid profile: At the end of experiment, all rats were exposed to mild ether anesthesia. Then blood was collected with a syringe and needle directly through cardiac puncture without using any anticoagulant. After centrifugation of collected blood, the supernatant were carefully collected by a micropipette and preserved in eppendorf vial. The collected serum was stored at 150 C. These serum samples were used to determine total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Statistical Analysis: The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using the MSTATC programme. When P values were <0.01, the significance of difference between groups were estimated by Student’s-t-test.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (2): 95-97, 2009; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Formulated therapeutic foods have been found to decrease lipid profile by lowering the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Triglyceride and to increase the HDL-cholesterol in albino rats. Food-3 was the most effective among the formulated foods. Future study to identify the ingredient(s) present in the formulated food responsible for lowering the lipid profiles except HDL-cholesterol will be stressed.

Knowledge Management: Journal