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In-vitro Studies of Some Selected Botanicals and BAUbiofungicide on Mycelial Growth and Conidial Germination of Cercospora Arachidicola and Cercosporidium Personatum

M.H. Hossain
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Comilla, Bangladesh

I. Hossain
Professor
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Efforts have been made to assess some plant extracts namely, Lycopersicon esculentum, Tagetus patula, Achras sapota, Azadirachta indica, Datura metel, Cymbopogon citrates, Polyalthia longifolia, Allium sativum and Allium cepa in vitro for the management of leaf spot (tikka) disease of groundnut cultivar Dhaka-1 caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Results indicated that all the tested plant extracts and BAUBiofungicide suppressed the growth of mycelium and inhibition of conidial germination of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. Among the treatments, the leaf extracts of L. esculentum showed the most effective followed by leaf extract of D. metel, A. indica and BAU-Biofungicide in case of mycelial growth and conidial germination. Other plant extracts also had inhibitory effects. In case of conidial germination and germination inhibition, the least effective plant extract was C. citrates. Leaf extract of A. sapota was the least effective in case of mycelial growth.

Keywords: In-vitro, Botanicals, BAU-Biofungicide, Mycelial growth and Conidia germination

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To evaluate selected nine plant extracts for their in vitro antifungal activity against C. arachidicola and C. personatum.

Methodology:

Laboratory experiment was carried out at Disease Resistant Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications for bioassay of nine botanical extracts, BAU-Biofungicide (Trichoderma based preparation) and Bavistin (Carbendazim) against mycelial growth of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. The treatments were also tested in the present experiment following cavity slide technique to find out their effect on conidial germination of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. Plant extracts were prepared from fresh leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), marigold (Tagetus patula), sapota (Achras sapota), neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (black) (Datura metel), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates) and debdaru (Polyalthia longifolia) and bulb of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa). The collected fresh leaf samples of different plants were washed in running tap water to make free from dust. The plant materials were cut into small pieces and extracts were prepared by grinding in a mortar and pestle followed by crashing plant parts in an electric blender with sterilized distilled water at different doses. The mixtures were filtered through linoleum cloth. The extracts were kept in conical flasks separately before use. Concentration (weight/volume) of tomato leaf, datura leaf (black) and sapota leaf was 20%, neem leaf, marigold leaf, garlic clove and onion bulb was 25%. Lemongrass, BAU-Biofungicide and Bavistin were use tested at 1:2, 2.5% and 0.1% concentration, respectively. Carrot leaf extract agar medium was prepared and poured into 90 mm Petri plates at 20 ml/plate. After solidification, three 5 mm discs of the medium were scooped from three places maintaining equal distance of 4 cm from the centre using a sterilized disc cutter. One millimeter of each of plant extracts and suspensions of BAU-Biofungicide and Bavistin was put into each hole and the plates were stored overnight in refrigerator for diffusion of the test materials into the medium surrounding the hole. Next day, the plates were inoculated at the center with 6 mm blocks of 15 days old culture of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. Three plates (replications) were maintained for each material. Control plates did not receive any material. To prevent contamination, the plates were covered with the Para film and the plates were incubated at 24 ± 1^OC. The isolates of C. arachidicola and C. personatum were grown on carrot leaf extract in Petri plates for 12 days at room temperature (24 ± 1^OC). The culture plates were kept under NUV light for 3 days for maximum production of conidia. Conidia were collected from the plates by scraping with a sterilized glass slide and conidial suspension was prepared in sterilized distilled water. The suspension was filtered through twoply cheese cloth to remove mycelial fragments and lumps of agar. The concentration of conidia in suspension was adjusted to 2x104 per milliliter using a hemocytometer. To assay the antifungal activity of the botanical extracts, Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide, 50μl of conidial suspension and equal volume of the suspension of test materials transferred to the well of each cavity slide and mixed thoroughly. Three single cavity slides (replications) were used for each treatment. All slides were kept in a humid chamber prepared by lining 90 mm diameter Petri dishes with wet tissue paper and incubated in the dark at 24± 1^OC. The slides were directly observed under light microscope for conidial germination at 24, 48 and 72 hours after incubation. Immediately after inoculation, a drop of lacto phenol-cotton blue was added to each well to prevent further germination of conidia.

Source of Information: ISSN: 2224-0616 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 36-40, December, 2013 Available online at http://www.ijarit.webs.com

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Among the treatments, the most effective was the leaf extracts of Lycopersicon esculentum followed by Datura metel, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of Azadirachta indica in case of mycelial growth and conidial germination. Other plant extracts also had inhibitory effects but not as much as the leaf extracts of Lycopersicon esculentum, Datura metel, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. Leaf extract of Achras sapota was the least effective against mycelial growth of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. In case of conidial germination and germination inhibition the least effective plant extract was Cymbopogon citrates. The potentials of these plant extracts for pathogen control have not been fully realized largely because the experiment was performed in vitro. However, their effectiveness in field condition could be of a potential advantage as it will help to determine the in vivo inhibitory effect of the botanicals and BAUBiofungicide.

Knowledge Management: Journal