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Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Crop Disease

Md. Sakhawat hossain
Chief Scientific Officer
Oilseed Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur

M. M. Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Two separate trials were done at ORC, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Jamalpur during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to determine the influence of temperature and humidity on the development of Alternaria leaf spot of mustard. At Gazipur the trial was under natural epiphytotic condition. Seeds of BARI Sarisa-14 were sown in field on 21 October, 1 November, and 11 November, 2011 and data were recorded on at age of 40 days during 01/12/11 to 16/12/11, 21/12/11 to 05/01/12 and 10/1/12 to 25/1/12, respectively. At Jamalpur trial, BARI Sarisa-14 was sown on 21 November and two dome shaped polyethylene house were placed in the crop field when the crop attained at 40 days of aged and made air-tight. Inside one poly-houses water was sprayed twice a day to maintain maximum humidity. Another house was not sprayed with water. Similar plot without poly-house was maintained as control (natural condition). At Gazipur trials, the highest per day radial growth of the Alternara leaf spot (0.59 mm/day) occurred during 01/12/11 to 16/12/11 period and the lower spot development rate (0.35 mm/day) was during 10/1/12 to 25/1/12. The average temperature and relative humidity during this period were 21.1ºC / 77.9% and 17.2ºC/ 75.9%, respectively. At Jamalpur trial, the highest per day radial growth of the Alternaria leaf spot (0.59 mm/day) occurred in house without water spray. In water sprayed poly-house the radial growth of spot was 0.42 mm/day. The lower spot development rate (0.17 mm/day) was recorded in control treatment (natural condition). The average temperature and relative humidity in house with water sprayed were 31.3ºC and 99% and in non-sprayed poly-house was 30.9ºC and 89.5%, respectively. In natural condition the average temperature and relative humidity were 20.0º C and 45.9%.

Keywords: Impact, Temperature, Humidity, Alternaria blight, Mustard

Location: ORC, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2011

End Date: 30-06-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases and insects

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of changing temperature and humidity on the severity of Alternaria blight of mustard

Methodology:

Impact of weather factors on pathogen and disease under natural condition: The study was done at the research field of ORC, Gazipur during 2011-12 crop season to determine the influence of temperature and humidity on the development of Alternaria leaf spot at natural epiphytotic condition. BARI sarisa 14 was used as planting material. The crop was sown on 21 October, 1 November, and 11 November to get the similar aged (40 days) crop in study period. Ten plants were randomly selected from plots sown on different dates and tagged. Single spot on leaves of selected plant (tagged plant) were marked for measuring the spot diameter at three days interval during 01/12/11 to 16/12/11, 21/12/11 to 05/01/12 and 10/1/12 to 25/1/12, respectively for different sowing. The rate of increase of the spot diameter was calculated and the weather factors (temperature & relative humidity) at those periods were also recorded.

Impact of weather factors on pathogen and disease under controlled condition: Another study was also conducted at RARS Jamalpur during 2012-13 to determine the influence of temperature and humidity on the development of Alternaria leaf spot of mustard under controlled condition. BARI Sarisa-14 was sown on 21 November and two dome shaped polyethylene house were made and placed in the field when the crop attained at 40 days of aged and made air-tight by putting the edge of polyethylene sheet inside soil around the house. In one poly-houses water was sprayed inside twice a day and some bowls with water was also placed inside to maintain maximum humidity during the study period. Another house was not sprayed with water. Similar plot without poly-house was maintained as control (natural condition). Data on temperature and relative humidity inside each poly-house were recorded regularly. Ten leaves under each poly-house having initial leaf spot symptom were randomly selected, marked and tagged for data recording. The diameter of marked spots of tagged plant was measured at two days interval for two weeks during. The data on weather factors (temperature & relative humidity) in each treatment during the study period (02/01/13 to 12/01/13) were also recorded.

Source of Information: SPGR sub-project completion report. 2014. “Studies on the impact of climate change on fungal disease of crops”. Submitted to PIU-BARC, NATP phase-I, BARC Farmgate Dhaka. 14-16 pp.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. World Bank

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of Gazipur trial reveals that the higher temperature is favourable for the development of Alternaria leaf spot. The results also indicated that among the three study period, the highest per day radial growth of the Alternara leaf spot (0.59 mm/day) occurred during 01/12/11 to 16/12/11 period and the lower spot development rate (0.35 mm/day) was recorded during 10/1/12 to 25/1/12 period. The average temperature and relative humidity during this period were 21.1ºC / 77.9% and 17.2ºC/ 75.9%, respectively.

The results revealed that among the three treatments, the highest per day radial growth of the Alternaria leaf spot (0.59 mm/day) occurred in house without water spray. In water sprayed poly-house the radial growth of spot was 0.42 mm/day. The lower spot development rate (0.17 mm/day) was recorded in control treatment (natural condition). The average temperature and relative humidity in house with water sprayed were 31.3ºC and 99%, respectively. The average temperature and humidity in non-sprayed poly-house was 30.9ºC and 89.5%, respectively. In natural condition the average temperature and relative humidity were 20.0º C and 45.9%, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings