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Impact of Crop Varieties on Household Food Security in Haor Areas of Bangladesh

M.A. Kashem
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M.G. Farouque
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

P.C. Roy
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The purpose of the study was to identify the crop varieties in the Haor area of Netrokona district to minimize the food vulnerability situation during food crisis. The study was conducted in four selected villages of Madan and Khaliajuri Upazilas under the Netrokona district. Data were collected from randomly selected 400 farmers from the study area in the year 2011. The findings of the study revealed that farmers usually cultivate only three HYV boro rice varieties (BR 19, BRRI dhan 28 and BRRI dhan 29) in the Haor area under study. In aman season farmers mostly cultivate local varieties and they get minimum yield. Only few vegetables found to cultivate by the farmers in Haor area. The vegetables are: onion, garlic, chilli, bottle gourd, sweet gourd, lady’s finger and tomato. Among these onion, garlic and chilli are mostly cultivated. Many farmers reported that during the flood they had to face serious problems in respect of communication, diseases, increased price of different commodities, and lack of adequate government safety net programs/relief. Farmers’ lack of flood preparedness has been observed while some farmers remained uncared about the occurrence of flood and consequently they did not take any preparedness for flood.

Keywords: Crop Variety, Food Security, Sustainable, Haor, Flood

Location: The study was conducted in Madan and Khaliajuri Upazilas under the Netrokona district

Start Date: 10-03-2011

End Date: 00-04-2011

Program Area: Food Safety and Security

Non-commodity: Social status

Objectives:

1) To identify the flood tolerant crop varieties in the Haor areas of Netrokona district

2) To ascertain the problems faced by the rural poor households in food security during floods in Haor area

3) To Identify measures normally taken by the farmers to minimize the food vulnerability situation in Haor area

4)To gather farmers’ opinion to overcome the sudden food crisis caused by flood and other natural disasters in Haor areas.

Methodology:

The physical, social and cultural heritages of the people of this area are similar in many cases with other Haor areas of the country. All the household in Madan and Khaliajuri Upazilas under Netrokona district were considered as the population of the study. The total number of households in Madan and Khaliajuri Upazilas was almost 4,000. Among them 10 per cent i.e. 400 households were randomly selected as the respondents. The empirical data for the study were collected through pre-tested structured interview schedule from the farmers of the selected villages during 10 March to April 2011. Data were collected by the field level officers of the Women Development Organization (WDO), Netrokona under the closed monitoring and supervision of the Project Director and Principal Investigator. Quantitative data were collected through direct interviewing with farmers through interview schedules while the qualitative data were collected through FGDs. Farmers were asked to indicate flood tolerant crop varieties based on their long experience in these areas. They have identified as flood tolerant crop varieties in the Haor areas, which were quite usual to occur floods in the Haor areas. The flood tolerant crop varieties as identified by the farmers in Haor area. Various crop varieties in different seasons are effective in flood affected Haor areas. In case of boro rice, it was observed that about more than three-quarters (78.50%) of the respondents of the study area agreed for cultivation of BRRI dhan 29 as flood tolerant variety, followed by 48.25 percent for cultivation of BRRI dhan 19 and 44.0 percent for BRRI dhan 28. However, in case of hybrid rice varieties, 60.0 percent of the respondents agreed for Hari dhan and 39.25 percent for Sonar Bangla as flood tolerant rice varieties in the Haor area. In respect of aman rice cultivation, it was found that most of the farmers (63.5%) cultivate only various local rice varieties as flood tolerant. However, 18.15 percent of the farmers opined for Nazirshail, and 15.5 percent for Hashi as flood tolerant aman rice varieties. Among the high yielding aman rice varieties, the BRRI dhan 51 got the lowest preference as flood tolerant variety. Some farmers also opinioned that they prefer to cultivate deshi and tosha jute to save the crops from flood.In terms of vegetables, the findings reveal that about two-thirds (65.0%) of the farmers gave their opinion in favour of onion as flood tolerant crop followed by 62 percent of the farmers who were in favour of cultivating garlic. The next flood tolerant crop as identified by the respondents was chilli; about 58 percent farmers were in favour of the crop. The other flood tolerant crop varieties identified by the respondents was bottle gourd (identified by 48 percent farmers) followed by sweet gourd (42%), lady’s finger (39.25%), and tomato (identified by (30.5 percent). An attempt was made to identify the constraints faced by the respondents in securing food during severe flood in the Haor areas.

Source of Information: ISSN: 2224-0616 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 7-11, December, 2013 Available online at http://www.ijarit.webs.com

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the Haor areas, the most important crop is boro rice. Farmers often cannot harvest boro rice due to early flash floods, hailstorms or other kind of disaster. However, there is shortage of high yielding short duration boro rice varieties. Only three HYV boro rice varieties have been reported as suitable for cultivation in the Haor. Hence, it is concluded that more short duration boro rice varieties need to be developed by the concerned research institutes. In aman season farmers mostly cultivate local varieties and they get minimum yield. Consequently, they become food insecured. This fact leads to the conclusion that so long, the farmers would continue to cultivate local aman varieties, the chances of becoming food secured would be less. Therefore, the concerned agencies should give due cognizance of this fact and take proper steps to generate high yield potential aman rice varieties appropriate for cultivation in aman season. Only few vegetables were found to cultivate by the farmers in Haor area. The vegetables are: onion, garlic, chilli, bottle gourd, sweet gourd, lady’s finger, and tomato. Among these onion, garlic and chilli are mostly cultivated. Therefore, the concerned research institute may take necessary steps for generating more vegetables suitable for cultivation in the Haor areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal