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Marketing of Shrimp in Bangladesh-a Value Chain Analysis

Md. Mojammel Haque
Assistant Professor
Graduate Training Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was conducted to examine the marketing system and value chain, and marketing efficiency of shrimp marketed both in domestic and export market. For this study a total of 182 stakeholders (market intermediaries) were selected where shrimp farmers, export oriented farms, depot owners and other market participants and selling agents were included. Data were collected for the period of 2012-13. The study revealed that 80% shrimp is exported and rest 20% is consumed in the local market. Usually shrimp is exported through exporting agencies and firms. Considering all kinds of market, the average gross marketing margin and profit of shrimp in the local market were Tk 171.00/kg and Tk 134.04/kg, respectively but for export market, the corresponding amounts were Tk 142.76/kg and Tk 89.51/kg respectively. Shrimp is sold both in domestic and overseas market and accordingly major supply chain and value chain were identified. Shrimp farmers and exporting agencies supply shrimp to ultimate consumers through supply chain. Actually value chain actors added value at each level of market. After processing and adding value, domestic and overseas consumers purchase 1 kg of shrimp at Tk 55.00 and Tk 142.76 respectively. Marketing efficiency was studied only for domestic market. It revealed that shorter supply channel resulted efficient marketing of shrimp where the shrimp producer received the higher percentages of sales price provided by the retailer in consumer market.

Keywords: Marketing, Shrimp, Value chain, Marketing efficiency

Location: Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong, Khulna, Saidpur (Nilphamari) and Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Market analysis

Objectives:

To examine the marketing system, marketing efficiency, supply chain and value addition to shrimp, and intermediaries or actors involved in marketing of shrimp in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

A field level surveys as well as FGD were conducted to have detailed information about marketing system of shrimp. However, data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. Secondary data were collected from various exporting firms and offices, and consulted with the documents of government and non-government agencies such as Bangladesh Frozen Food Export Association (BFFEA), Bangladesh Export Promotion Bureau (BEPB), BFDC, Fish Inspection and Quality Control (FIQC), DoF, marketing cooperatives etc. Primary data were collected by survey method wherein various market intermediaries were interviewed for eliciting information at various stages of shrimp. Apart from these, formal interview with shrimp producers, concerned traders and buyers were conducted for cross checking the marketing information. Again, FGD was conducted to have detailed information from the stakeholders involved in supply or value chain system of shrimp marketed. The study areas were purposively selected from Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong and Khulna, and extended market Dhaka city, Saidpur (Nilphamari) and Mymensingh city market depending upon the production and marketing of shrimp. In these study areas, three types of market such as primary market, secondary market and consumer market were selected. The sampling design for marketing survey falls within the purview of stratified random sampling. In the whole marketing channel the intermediaries constitute the different strata from which the individual samples were selected randomly. Large number of market intermediaries or actors such as faria, bepari, localaratder, inter-district aratdar and retailer are available in shrimp market of Bangladesh. Shrimp are also available in different city fish market where mainly the consumers purchase shrimp from the retailers. The total number of samples depends on the number of intermediaries involved in the marketing channel. Therefore, from primary to final consumer market, there is a long chain and value addition, and complicated marketing channel for distribution of shrimp both in domestic and export market. In each level of market, how small and poor stakeholders participate in shrimp processing and marketing, and contribute to value addition to marketing channel had also been studied. However, considering the scale of involvement of different kinds of intermediaries, a total of 182 samples were selected of which shrimp farmer were 40, faria 35, bepari 40, local aratdar 15, inter-district aratdar 15 and retailer 30. For export market, data and information were collected from 7 export oriented farms and agencies. The following analytical techniques used in the study ; producer’s share,marketing margin, producer’s share, and measuring marketing efficiency .

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 359–368, 2014, ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Brackish water and marine fish contributes about 19% to total fish production in Bangladesh. Shrimp as an exportable item seems to have brought some improvement in the value chain. Since commercial shrimp farmers are relatively rich and large farmers, they are not dependent much on others for credit, farming practices and input uses and marketing decisions. By virtue of their richness, they remain aware of the market price. Therefore, the farm gate price they receive reflects the market price. As a result, they get relatively higher share (73-77%) of the consumer’s price. After their harvest, some farmers directly approach aratdars and depot owners to sell their harvested shrimp. The farmers usually bring shrimp to deport or processing factory, who then made arrangement for processing and shipment. Market regulations needs to be strictly followed. Monitoring to ensure fish quality needs to be strengthened. Similarly, it is also the responsibility of the government to have strong monitoring so that consignment can reach the destination in time. The development of good road and transport networks could reduce superfluous involvement of intermediaries, which could be beneficial for both the fishermen/farmers and consumers. Assembling centers with refrigerated storage facilities might be developed so that the perishability of shrimp is checked, which would enable the assembling centers to make bulk sell/transfer to the next destination. This could reduce post-harvest loss and provide better price for the fishermen/farmers. All these facilities would create opportunity to add more value for shrimp and distribution to the consumers’ level.

Knowledge Management: Journal