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Integrated Approach for the Management of Alternaria Blight of Cabbage Seed Crop

Dr. Md. Sakhawat hossain
Senior Scientific Officer
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur

I. H. Mian
Professor
BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In an integrated disease management approach combination of different management practices was applied to control Alternaria blight of cabbage seed crop. Two best treatment of three management practices (selected from earlier experiments on plant spacing, date of planting and nutrient management) were selected and made two sets of similar treatments, one set with Rovral (F₁) spay and another set without spray (F₀). The nutrients S-Zn-Mg-Mo-B were used @ 20-5-1-1-1 kg/ ha (N₁) and @ 30-5-1-1-1 kg/ ha (N₂), plant spacing were 50 x 40 cm (S₁) and 40 x 40 cm (S₂) and dates of planting were October 16 (D₁) and November 1 (D₂). The treatments were S₁D₁N₁F₁ (T₁), S₁D₁N₂F₁ (T₂), S₁D₂N₁F₁ (T3), S₁D₂N₂F₁(T₄), S₂D₁N₁F₁(T₅), S₂D₁N₂F₁(T₆), S₂D₂N₁F₁(T₇), S₂D₂N₂F₁(T₈), S₁D₁N₁F₀(T₉), S₁D₁N₂F₀(T₁₀), S₁D₂N₁F₀(T₁₁), S₁D₂N₂F₀(T₁₂), S₂D₁N₁F₀(T₁₃), S₂D₁N₂F₀(T₁₄), S₂D₂N₁F₀(T₁₅), and S₂D₂N₂F₀(T₁₆). The treatment S₂D₂N₂ i, e. planting of cabbage on November 1, maintaining 40 x 40 cm spacing, with the application of S-Zn-Mg-Mo-B @ 30-5-1-1-1 kg/ha in addition of standard dose of N P K and cowdung with or without Rovral spray was noted as the best management combination for maximum seed yield. It may also be noted that integration of the highest level of management practices i.e. planting of cabbage variety BARI cabbage-2 on November 1 at 40 x 40 cm spacing in the field fertilized with S-Zn-Mg-Mo-B @ 30-5-1-1-1 kg/ha in addition to recommended rate of N P K and sprayed with Rovral (0.2%) gave maximum reduction of Alternaria blight by 93.2% and increased seed yield by 207.8% over normal management practices.

Keywords: Integrated management, Cabbage, Alternaria blight

Location: BSMRAU, Salna, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2001

End Date: 30-06-2002

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Cabbage

Objectives:

An attempt was made to find out the best combination of management practices in controlling the Alternaria blight of cabbage seed crop.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during 2001-2002 winter season at Bangabadhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) farm and Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur under field condition. Two best treatment of three management practices (selected from the earlier experiments on plant spacing, date of planting and nutrient management) were selected and made two sets of similar treatments, one set with Rovral spay (F₁) and another set without spray (F₀). The nutrients S-Zn-Mg-Mo-B were used @ 20-5-1-1-1 kg/ ha (N₁) and @ 30-5-1-1-1 kg/ ha (N₂), plant spacing were 50 x 40 cm (S₁) and 40 x 40 cm (S₂) and dates of planting were October 16 (D₁) and November 1 (D₂). Gypsum, zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium molybdate and boric acid were applied for S, Zn, Mg, Mo and B, respectively. Amount of nutrient element was calculated on the basis of their active ingredient and they were applied in the pits just before transplanting. Spraying was started just after appearance of the disease and continued up to pod maturity stage at 12 days interval. The treatments were T₁= S₁D₁N₁F₁, T₂= S₁D₁N₂F₁, T3= S₁D₂N₁F₁, T₄= S₁D₂N₂F₁, T₅= S₂D₁N₁F₁, T₆= S₂D₁N₂F₁, T₇= S₂D₂N₁F₁, T₈= S₂D₂N₂F₁, T₉= S₁D₁N₁F₀, T₁₀= S₁D₁N₂F₀, T₁₁= S₁D₂N₁F₀, T₁₂= S₁D₂N₂F₀, T₁₃= S₂D₁N₁F₀, T₁₄= S₂D₁N₂F₀, T₁₅= S₂D₂N₁F₀, and T₁₆= S₂D₂N₂F₀. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Recommended rate of manure and fertilizers were applied in the bed before transplanting (Razzaque et al. 2000). Fifty-centimeter wide and 30 cm deep drain was made surrounding each block for facilitating irrigation and drainage. BARI Cabbage-2 (Agradute) was used as planting material. Forty days old seedlings, raised in polyethylene bag were transplanted in the field on October 16 and November 1, 2001. Ten seedlings were transplanted in each plot in two rows. Subsequent weeding, mulching and irrigation were done as and when necessary. Aphid infestation was controlled by spraying Malathion 57 EC @ 1.5 ml/ l. Five plants from each plot were randomly selected and tagged for data collection. Data on percent disease index (PDI) of leaves was calculated according to Meah (1994) at the end of February 2001. When 70% pods of the plant showed the symptoms of maturity (partial yellowing), data on infected pod (%), number of spot/ pod, percent pod area diseased (Rahman and Meah 2000), number of pod /plant, pod length, number of seed/ pod, seed yield per plant were recorded just before or after harvest. After harvest the plants of each plot were stacked separately for 4 days (Zaman and Rashid, 1992), sun dried and then threshed manually for seed.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Plant Pathol. 21:19-23 (2005)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Disease severity: The values of PDI of leaf under 16 different treatments ranged from 13.1 to 47.6 at BSMRAU location and from 6.8 to 57.7 at RARS location. At BSMRAU location PDI of treatments sprayed with Rovral (T₁-T₈) were statistically similar but significantly lower compared to unsprayed treatments (T₉-T₁₆). The lowest PDI was recorded under T₁, followed by T₄ and T₇ and the highest was on T₁₄. At RARS location, the significantly lowest PDI was recorded on T₈, T₃, T₅ and T₇. However, significantly higher PDI was recorded in treatments (T₉-T₁₆) having no Rovral spray compared to sprayed treatments. In case of percent pod area diseased (PAD) the effect of treatments was also significant in both BSMRAU and RARS locations. At BSMRAU location the PAD in treatments receiving Rovral spray (T₁-T₈) ranged 0.9 -2.3 whereas in those having no Rovral spray (T₉-T₁₆) ranged 4.3-13.9. The lowest PAD was 0.9% in T₄ and the highest was 13.9% and 13.8% in T₁₅ and T₁₃, respectively. At RARS location the value ranged 0.9 - 4.6 in Rovral Sprayed treatment (T₁-T₈) and 5.8 - 14.1 in treatments having no Rovral spray. The lowest PAD in this location was recorded in T₄ and the highest was in treatment T₁₃. From the average results of two locations the best treatment was T₈, followed by T₃, T₅, and T₇ in respect of PDI. The lowest percent pod area diseased was observed in T₄ followed by T₂. However, irrespective of management combinations Rovral spray significantly reduced disease severity as compared to unsprayed treatments. Begum et al. (1995) studied the effect of some cultural practices and plant protection measures on the development of Alternaria blight of mustard and observed the steady decrease in disease severity and increased seed yield in high magnitude of management practices.

Seed yield and yield component: The number of pod/ plant differed significantly in both BSMRAU and RARS locations. At BSMRAU location the significantly higher number of pod was recorded under T₄ and T₁₂ and the lowest was in T₁₅ and T₁₆. At RARS location the highest number of pod was on T₈ followed by T₄ and the lowest was on T₇. The effect of treatments on seed yield was also significant in both locations and comparatively higher seed yield was obtained from Rovral sprayed treatments (T₁-T₈). Per hectare seed yield ranged from 504.5 - 674.4 kg at BSMRAU location and 502.2 - 611.6 kg at RARS location. At BSMRAU location the lowest seed yield was obtained under T₂ and T₉, and the highest on T₈, followed by T₁₆. The lowest (502.5 kg) and the highest (611.6 kg) seed yield/ ha were recorded under T₉and T₈, respectively at RARS location. The average results of two locations indicate that treatment T₈ was the best treatment followed by T₁₆ for maximum pod production and the highest seed yield (Table 2). Rahman and Meah (2000) obtained the highest seed yield and yield component of mustard from plots receiving all the management practices and Rovral spray.

Relationship between management practices with disease component and seed yield of cabbage: The management practices have tremendous effect on reduction of Alternaria blight severity of cabbage seed crop over normal practices. Among the management practices nutrient management increased 81.7% seed yield by decreasing pod infection and pod area diseased by 71.2% and 95.6%, respectively. Fungicides spray, planting date (over late planting) and spacing increased 76.8%, 73.8% and 6.8% of seed yield by reducing pod area diseased by 93.0%, 59.3% and 8.3%, respectively. Combination of all the management practices resulted in reduction of pod area diseased by 51.5% with the seed yield increased by 192.2%. More reduction in disease severity (93.2%0 and more increase in seed yield (207.8%) was obtained when the management practices were sprayed with Rovral 50 WP (0.2%).

From the results of integrated disease management approach it is evident that maximum seed yield per hectare and higher seed germination with lower Alternaria seed infection can be obtained when cabbage is planted on November 1 maintaining 40 x 40 cm spacing with the application of S-Zn-Mg-Mo-B @ 30-5-1-1-1 kg/ ha in addition to standard dose of N P K and cowdung and spraying of Rovral 50 WP (0.2%) at 12 days interval.

Knowledge Management: Journal