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Non-protein Nitrogen Compound Poisoning in Cattle

Amir Hossan Shaikat
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

S. K. M. Azizul Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Shahneaz Ali Khan
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Md. Ahasanul Hoque
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Md. Nurul Islam
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Mohammad Belayet Hossain
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out in Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong to find out the causes of sudden death of cattle in the Military Dairy Farm, Chittagong. To explore the cause of death, clinical history, clinical signs were recorded. Finally, postmortem was done and samples were collected for laboratory diagnosis. The ruminal pH was 9.0 and the clinical history along with signs suggests possible non-protein nitrogenous compound poisoning. The laboratory diagnosis coincides with nitrate poisoning which focuses possible relationship between non-protein nitrogenous compound and nitrate poisoning. The study recommends maintaining proper cautions to use urea in concentrate feed.

Keywords: Non-protein, Urea, Ammonia, Nitrate, Poison

Location: Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present study was, therefore, focused on the NPN poisoning in Military Dairy Farm, Chittagong to find out the cause behind death of some cattle in their shed.

Methodology:

The authority of Military Dairy Farm, Chittagong reported that sudden death of some cattle occurred after concentrate feeding. Based on the complain, the Toxicology Laboratory of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) collected feed, water and molasses samples from that mentioned farm. The whole study was conducted based on direct interview of the farm’s staff, postmortem examination of the dead animals and laboratory diagnosis. Description of the farm: The Military Dairy Farm is located in a hilly area of the Chittagong Cantonment, Baluchara, Chittagong. There is a total of 8 sheds for cattle with available cultivable land for fodder. All cattles were crossbreed between 1.5-2 years of age. Case history: The cattle were regularly fed with fodder along with concentrated feeds. On the day of case fatality, the caretaker of the farm reported that cattle in the affected shed out 8 sheds, cattle were offered concentrated feed mixed with a new pack of molasses at 3 pm. The new pack of molasses was carried in the same vehicle as for urea and one sack of urea fertilizer was found opened. After almost 40 minutes of feeding, the cattle were found with labored breathing, mydriasis, salivation, convulsion, bloat and increased body temperature between 104°-105°F. Among 24 cattle of affected shed, 19 (male=2, female=17) cattle showed clinical sign and within 2-3 hours of onset of clinical sign 17 cattle were dead.Treatment given: After the onset of clinical signs the animals of the case shed were treated with 1% methylene blue@ 20 mg/kg body weight introvenously, vinegar @ 2L orally, 5% Dextrose saline @1000 ml, atropine sulphate @ 0.25mg/body weight intramuscularly. Trocarizations of some animals were done by trocar and canula and carminative mixture (No Bloat® suspension-Square Pharmaceuticals Bangladesh) was given. Later, Streptomycin-Penicillin combination (SP-vet®-Acme Pharmaceuticals Bangladesh) was administered intramuscularly. Post-mortem inspection: Postmortem examinations of dead cattle were performed and various organ lesions were noted. Laboratory tests: The various organs from dead animals and feed samples were collected by the personnel of the Military Dairy Farm. Samples were packed properly within sterile zipper clip bag and submitted to the Toxicology Laboratory, CVASU. Two blood samples were also given to the Physiology Laboratory for hemoglobin level analysis. After taking the pH of rumen content by Hanna pH meter (Hanna instruments, USA) toxicological testing was done according to joint reaction (Sandhu, 1999).

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 65-68 ISSN 1023-6104

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Non protein nitrogenous sources such as urea has been used as feed additive for a long time in cattle feeding. The conventional and proper dose maintaining in mixing of urea with feed can be a handy and economic source of protein from non-protein nitrogenous substances for animals. The deliberate use of urea in cattle feed can be fatal and cause severe farm animal loss. So, farmers should have proper knowledge about the dose and method of urea supplementation in cattle feed and should be cautious enough in this situation.

Knowledge Management: Journal