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Efficacy of Some Botanical Pesticides (neem, Garlic and Red Chili) Against Dried Fish Insects (dermestes Sp. Larvae and Necrobia Sp. Adult)

A.K.M. Nowsad
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

R. Mondal
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.R. Islam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

F.H. Shikha
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Acetone extracts of red chili (Capsicum frutescens), garlic (Allium sativum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) were used to evaluate their toxic effects against a beetle, Dermestes sp. larvae and a mite, Necrobia sp. adult. The concentration of plant extracts were 60%, 80% and 100% for Dermestes sp. larvae and 10%, 15% and 20% for Necrobia sp. adult. The mortality percentage of Necrobia sp. (adult) at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) indicated that red chili extract possessed the highest toxic effect followed by neem and garlic. Mortality percentage was found to be directly proportional to the level of concentration of plant extracts. For Necrobia sp. (adult) LC₅₀ values of red chili was 0.78%, neem 0.85% and of garlic was 1.68% at 24 HAT. Red chili was found to be the most toxic herb among these three. Red chili also possessed the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.29%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). For the larvae of Dermestes sp., the LC₅₀ values of red chili was 0.60%, neem 0.69% and garlic 1.15% at 24 HAT, again indicating that red chili was the most toxic plant.

Keywords: Neem, Garlic, Red chili, Toxic effects, Dried fish, Probit analysis

Location: Fish markets of Mymensingh town

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

1. The efficacy of neem, garlic and red chili were evaluated against common dried fish beetle and mite were tested.

Methodology:

Collection and rearing of insect: The test insect Necrobia sp. adult and Dermestes sp. larvae were collected from dried fish markets of Mymensingh town and were maintained in the Postgraduate Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Technology, BAU. The insects were reared on dried fish in plastic jars. Collection and processing of plant materials: Neem leaves were collected from the surroundings of BAU campus, Mymensingh. After bringing them to the laboratory, they were washed in running water, kept in shade for air drying and then dried in the oven at 60°C to gain constant weight. Garlic and red chili were purchased from the local market. Both garlic and red chili were dried in oven at 60°C to remove moisture. Preparation of plant dust: Plant dusts were prepared by pulverizing the dried plant materials with the help of a grinder. The dusts were passed through a 25-mesh diameter sieve to obtain fine and uniform dust. The dusts were preserved in airtight condition in zip-lock polythene bags till their use in extract preparation. Preparation of plant extracts: Ten gram of each of the dusts were taken in a 500 ml beaker separately and mixed with 100 ml acetone. Then the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes by a magnetic stirrer (at 3000 rpm) and left for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered through a fine cloth and again through the filter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtered materials were taken into a round bottom flask and condensed by evaporation of the solvent in a water bath at 45°C temperature. Evaporation was done to make the volume of 10 ml. Condensed extracts were preserved in tightly corked labeled bottles and stored in a refrigerator until their use for insect bioassays. Preparation of stock solution: Stock solutions of plant extracts were prepared separately by diluting the condensed extracts acetone. Different concentrations of each category of plant extract viz., 10%, 15%, 20% for Necrobia sp. adult and 60%, 80%, 100% for Dermestes sp. larvae were prepared by dissolving the stock solutions in acetone prior to insect bioassay. Disinfestations of dried fish: Sun dried fish were kept in an oven at 45°C for 2-3 hours, packed in polythene bag and sealed to avoid future infestation. Insect bioassays: Insect bioassay was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Technology, BAU at 27 to 30°C temperature to determine direct toxicity against Necrobia sp. adult and Dermestes sp. larvae. Direct toxicity test: Direct toxicity was determined according to the method of Talukder and Howse. Three different concentrations of each plant extracts (for Necrobia sp. adult 10%, 15% and 20% and for Dermestes sp. larvae 60%, 80% and 100%) were prepared with respective solvents. Then 5µl of prepared solution was applied to the dorsal surface of the thorax of each insect for Necrobia sp. adult and 30µl for Dermestes sp. larvae by using a micropipette. Ten insects (five males & five females) per replication were treated and each treatment was replicated 3 times. In addition, the same numbers of insects were treated with solvent only for control. After treatment, the insects were transferred into 9 cm diameter petridishes (10 insects/petridish) containing dried fish. Insect mortalities were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Statistical analysis: The experimental data were statistically analysed by completely randomized design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The mean values were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The LC₅₀ values were calculated by using probit analysis.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 3 (2): 201-205, 2010; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The mortality percentage of Necrobia sp. (adult) at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) indicated that red chili extract possessed the highest toxic effect followed by neem and garlic. Mortality percentage was found to be directly proportional to the level of concentration of plant extracts. For Necrobia sp. (adult) LC₅₀ values of red chili was 0.78%, neem 0.85% and of garlic was 1.68% at 24 HAT. Red chili was found to be the most toxic herb among these three. Red chili also possessed the highest toxic effect at 48 HAT (0.29%) and 72 HAT (0.03%). For the larvae of Dermestes sp., the LC₅₀ values of red chili was 0.60%, neem 0.69% and garlic 1.15% at 24 HAT, again indicating that red chili was the most toxic plant.

Knowledge Management: Journal