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Interaction Effect of Four Years Old Xylia Dolabriformis Tree on the Growth and Yield of Summer Vegetables

M.A. Habib
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.A. Mondol
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Z. Alam
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.R. Hasan
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M.A. Wadud
Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from 05 February 2012 to 25 May 2010 to observe the performance (growth and yield) of Indian spinach, Amaranth, Okra, Bottle gourd, Sweet gourd and Kangkong grown at different distances from the Xylia dolabriformis. Different treatments of the experiment were T₀(open field referred as control), T₁(3 feet distance from tree), T₂ (6 feet distance from tree) and T₃ (9 feet distance from tree). The experiment was laid out in RCBD for all six crops with 3 replications. The objectives of the study were to observe the performance of summer vegetable in association with Xylia dolabriformis tree and to observe interaction effect of Xylia dolabriformis tree on summer vegetables. The result of the experiment revealed that the growth and yield of the vegetables increased gradually with the increase of planting distance from the tree base. Except kangkong and Okra, highest yield of other four vegetables i.e. Indian spinach, Amaranth, Bottle gourd (as leafy vegetable) and Sweet gourd (as leafy vegetable) were in open field condition. Yield of Indian spinach, Amaranth, Bottle gourd (as leafy vegetable) and Sweet gourd (as leafy vegetable) in open field condition were 55.2, 12.7, 43.7 and 40.3 t/ha, respectively. Yield Kangkong and Okra were highest in 9 feet distant plot from tree base and the values were 39.2 and 15.5 t/ha. But yield of all vegetables in open field condition and 9 feet distant plot from tree base was statistically similar. Yield of tested all summer vegetables was lower near the upto three feet from base of Lohakat tree. 20-30% yield reduced within the 3-6 feet distance from the base of tree and in case of Kankong yield was similar with control. Very near the tree base yield reduce may be due to competition by tree roots for water and nutrients.

Keywords: Summer vegetables, Xylia dolabriformis, Growth, Yield, Tree-crop interaction, Agroforestry

Location: Agroforestry Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 05-02-2012

End Date: 25-05-2012

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Lohakat, Vegetables

Objectives:

1. To investigates the interaction effect four years old Lohakat (Xylia dolabriformis) tree on the growth and yield of different summers vegetables.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was carried out at the Field Laboratory of the Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from 05 February 2012 to 25 May 2012.. The experimental site was located at 24.75°N latitude and 90.5E longitude at the mean elevation of 18m above the sea level. The climatic condition of the experimental site is sub-tropical and characterized by high temperature and heavy rainfall during kharif season (April to September) and scanty rainfall associated with moderately low temperature during the Rabi season (October to March). The overall relative humidity remains high almost all over the year except the winter. Planting material: In this study the four years old previously established Xylia dolabriformis tree were used as tree components. Six different summer vegetables like Indian spinach, Amaranth, Okra, Bottle gourd (as leafy vegetables), Sweet gourd (as leafy vegetables), and Kangkong were grown along this tree for observing interaction effect. The seeds of Indian spinach variety viz., BARI Puishak-1 (Chitra) were purchased from BRAC seed center, seeds of Amaranth variety viz., BARI Danta -2 were collected from International Seed Fair in BAU campus Mymensingh, the seeds of Bottle gourd variety BARI lau-4 and Sweet gourd variety BARI Misti Kumra-1 were collected from International Seed Fair in Bangladesh Agricultural University campu, Mymensingh. The seeds of Okra variety BARI Dherosh-1 and Kangkong variety BARI Gimakalmi were also collected from International Seed Fair in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus, Mymensingh. These six summer vegetables were used as plant materials in this study. Experimental design and layout: Six summer crops such as Indian spinach, Amaranth, Okra, Bottle gourd, Sweet gourd and Kangkong were laid out following the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with single factorial arrangement having three replications. Individual plot size was 9ft x 2ft. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Four treatments were used in this study which were, T₀ = Open field referred to as control, T₁= 3 feet distance from the tree base, T₂ = 6feet distance from the tree base, and T₃ =9 feet distance from the tree base. Crop Establishment: Seeds of six vegetables (Indian spinach, Amaranth, Okra, Bottle gourd, Sweet gourd and Kangkong) were directly sown in the experimental plot on 15 February 2012. The seeds of Indian spinach were sown continuously; spacing was 20 cm x 30 cm. Seeds of Amaranth were sown following broadcasting method of seed sowing. After the emergence Amaranth seedlings were thinned out. Seeds of Okra were sown following the spacing 30 cm x 35 cm. Seeds of Bottle gourd and Sweet gourd were sown following the spacing 40 cm x 45 cm. Seeds of Kankong were sown following the line sowing method and the spacing was 10 cm x 20 cm. All necessary cultural operations were done when it was required. Harvesting: Indian spinach was harvested 3 times; first harvesting was done after 60 days of seed sowing. Amaranth was harvested 3 times and first harvesting was done 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. Okra was harvested in several pickings; first harvesting was done 70 days after the seed sowing. Bottle gourd and Sweet gourd were harvested by cutting the twigs as vegetables as they were not grown for fruit cultivation. Kangkong was harvested 3 times and first harvesting was done after 55 days after seed sowing. Data collection and analysis: Related data were recorded from the different treatment of this study. The growth and yield parameters of all tested vegetables viz., Plant height (m), Number of leaves per plant, Number of branches per plant, stem girth (cm), weight per plant (g), total yield was estimated from plant/fruit weight as t/ha. The recorded data were compiled and analysed by RCBD design to find out the statistical significance of the experimental results. The means for all recorded data were calculated and the analyses of variance for all the characters were performed. The mean differences were evaluated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and also by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 6 (1): 21-25, 2012; ISSN 1995-6983

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Very near the tree base yield reduce remarkably may be due to completion for growth resources like water and nutrients. It was found from this study competition for growth resources was minimum after 9 feet far from tree base which indicates root of four years old Xylia dolabriformis spread after 9 feet far from tree base beyond the crop root system as a result after 9 feet distance from tree base competition between the tree-crop was absent or minimum in this area.

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