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Insect Pests of Sesame, Sesamum Indicum Linn. in Bangladesh, Their Succession and Natural Enemies

Gobinda Chandra biswas
Scientific officer
ORC, BARI,Gazipur

G.P.Das.
SSO
TCRC, BARI,Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Twenty nine insect species and one mite species were found to infest the different growth stages of sesame plants at Gazipur, Bangladesh during March to June 1998 and 1999, Seventeen species of predators, two species each of parasitoids and pathogens were found to attack different species of species of insects infesting sesame .Of the recorded pests species ,only four namely, til hawk moth(Acherontia styx Westwood). Jute hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia oblique Wlk.).mirid bug (Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut) and til leaf and pod caterpillar (Antigastra catcalaunalis Duponchel) were considered as the major pests while the rest were of minor importance on the basis of population density per plant , nature and extent of damage and per cent plant infestation . Most of the insects infested the crop during vegetative to maturity stage (40-85 days after sowing ) of the crop in both the years . The important insect predators namely, spiders , coccinellid beetles , predatory stink bugs, preying mantids ,black ant and parasitoids belonging to Braconidae and fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus sp and Trichoderma sp were found in attack insect pests of sesame in both the years under study.

Keywords: Succession, Insect pests, Sesame, Natural enemies

Location: Gazipur

Start Date: 15-08-1998

End Date: 30-06-1999

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases and insects

Objectives:

To record the insect pests of sesame, their nature of damage, succession, and natural enemies with the different crop growth stages.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted in the field and laboratory of the Oilseed Research Centre (ORC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur ,Gazipur and the Department of Zoology, Dhaka University during January 1998 to December 1999. The recommended sesame variety T-6 was used for this study. The unit plot size was 4m x 3m Seeds of sesame were sown on 10^th March of each year of 1988 and 1999 with four replications following a Randomized Complete Black Design. The rows and plant were spaced 30 cm and 10 cm apart respectively crop husbandry was followed uniformly. Observations on different insect pests and natural enemies were recorded at various stages. Of crop growth from 10 randomly predetermined sampled plants in each plot. Records were taken by visual observation , hand nets and picking of insects on the standing crop during 06.30 hrs to 10.00 hrs at weekly intervals . Absolute populations of insects and predators per plants were counted as suggested by Pradhan (1964). The flower beetle, cutworm , cricket and grasshopper were recorded on square meter basis . The number of plants attacked by insects and mite was also recorded. Some insects were also collected by aspirators. The collected insect reared in the laboratory at ambient temperature in cages and preserved in the insect boxes . The insects and predators were identified following Thompson and Simmonds (1964), Borror et al. (1974), Hill (1983),Ayyar (1984), Fletcher (1985), Nair (1986), Gapud et al. (1992), Patker et al.(1985) and Shepared et al.(1999). The insects were graded as major and mind on the basis of their population density per plant ,nature and extent of damage. Time of severity of attack was noted on the basis of degree of infestation as observed in each week. The insect pests were also grouped as root feeders, leaf roller, sap sucker and borer on the basis of theirs feeding behavior. Some insects and natural enemies were sent to the International Institute of Entomology, London for confirmation of identification.

Source of Information: Indian journal of Entomology 63(2) 117-124, 2001.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget: 15000/-

Total Budget (Tk.) : 15000/-

Achievement/Findings:

Twenty nine insect species and one mite species were found to infest the different growth stages of sesame plants at Gazipur, Bangladesh during March to June 1998 and 1999, Seventeen species of predators, two species each of parasitoids and pathogens were found to attack different species of species of insects infesting sesame .Of the recorded pests species ,only four namely, til hawk moth(Acherontia styx Westwood). Jute hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia oblique Wlk.).mirid bug (Cyrtopeltis tenuis Reut) and til leaf and pod caterpillar (Antigastra catcalaunalis Duponchel) were considered as the major pests while the rest were of minor importance on the basis of population density per plant, nature and extent of damage and per cent plant infestation. The population density per plant of major insects til hawk moth, Jute hairy caterpillar, mirid bug, and til leaf and pod caterpillar ranged from 0.20-0.25, 3.00-4.00,15.00-20.00,and 1.00-1.50, respectively in 1998 while The population density per plant of the above major pests ranged from 0.25-0.30, 4.00-5.00, 20.00-25.00,and 1.50-2.00, respectively in 1999. Similarly the percent plant infestation caused by the major insects pests ranged from 15-20,90-95, 100,and 80-90, respectively in 1998 and those major insects ranged from 20-25,95-100, 100, and 90-95, respectively in 1999. Comparatively higher population density and percent plant infestation was observed during 1999 than 1998 due to differences of weather and other biotic agents between the two years. Most of the insects infested the crop during vegetative to maturity stage (40-85 days after sowing ) of the crop in both the years . The important insect predators namely, spiders, coccinellid beetles , predatory stink bugs, preying mantids ,black ant and parasitoids belonging to Braconidae and fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus sp and Trichoderma sp were found in attack insect pests of sesame in both the years under study.

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