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Farmer Participatory Variety Selection in Wheat: Efficiency in Selection, Seed Production, Preservation and Dissemination

D. B. Pandit
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

N. C. D Barma
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. S. N. MandaI
Wheat Research Centre, BAR I, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. A. Hakim
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

M. R. Kabir
Wheat Research Centre, BARI, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Farmer participatory variety selection activity was carried-out during 2002-2005 at the Wheat Research Centre. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to facilitate farmers, selecting and disseminating their preferable variety and replace disease susceptible Kanchan variety to Increase wheat yield and production in the country. Farmers' need for wheat variety was identified through participatory rural appraisal and impacts were assessed by house hold survey. Researches were conducted as mother and baby trials. Dissemination was carried out by seed production, interactions, workshops, trainings etc. High Yield was farmers most preferable character followed by easy traceability, input efficiency large spike, bold and whitegrains. Higher yields were recorded in BAW 1008,Shatabdi and BAW 106 in both mother and baby trials and got higher scores tor farmers' overall preference. Farmers emphasized yield, together with bold and white grains, more grains per spike, strong stem and some other characters during scoring. Farmers wanted to grow BAW 1008, Shatabdi and BAW l006 in next years. They identified BAW 966, BAW l006, BAW 1008 and Shatabdi for good Chapati quality. Farmer-selected BAW l006 and BAW l008 were officially released. Farmers produced and preserved 110 ton seeds of Shatabdi in the working villages from 600 kg source seeds in 3 years. Their seed preservation efficiency was increased significantly. When BADC was the source of 60% wheat seeds in 2002, then in 2005, 60% seeds were used from their own preservation. Farmer to farmer seed dissemination was very fast and seeds of Shatabdi were reached to 47% wheat farmers of the working villages in 2004- 05. Area of Kanchan came down from 100% (in 2002-03) to 24% (in 2005-06). Varietal diversity was increased remarkably and seven varieties were grown in the study villages.

Keywords: Wheat, Participatory variety selection, Mother trial, Baby trial , Impact assessment, Varietal diversity, Seed dissemination

Location: Wheat Research Centre. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Banzladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2002

End Date: 00-00-2005

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To facilitate farmers, selecting and disseminating their preferable variety and replace disease susceptible Kanchan variety to Increase wheat yield and production in the country.

Methodology:

Farmers' need in a variety was identified through participatory rural appraisal (PRA) in 2002. A twelve member team was formed with scientists from different disciplines and extension personnel headed by an Economist. This team together with randomly selected 25 farmers from different socio-economic groups conducted PRA to collect baseline data about present situation, major constraints, and future needs of wheat and agriculture of the area. Cultivars were searched according to the needs of the farmers of study area with some other characters, like earliness, high yield, Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) tolerance, good Chapati making quality, etc. On the basis of these characters, 8 genotypes were selected for testing in farmers' fields. Four of those were unreleased varieties, two were released varieties (Shatabdi) and Kanchan (widely grown check variety) and other two were introduced from Nepal. Researches were conducted as mother trials (MT) at on-station and farmers' fields and baby trials (BT) at farmers' fields. Experiments were set-up at 2 villages in 2002-03 and 3 villages in 2003- 04. There were 3 mother trials (MTs) in 2002-03 and 2 MTs in 2003-04 and 2004-05 per village. Number of MT at on-station was one in each year with 3 replications. All 8 genotypes including Kanchan as a check were tested in MT every year. Shatabdi was tested in first 2 years. Each MT. set-up in different farmers' field was treated as a single dispersed replication. The trials were evaluated by 30 farmers in each village at physiological maturity and after harvest. Scoring was done from 1 to 6. Score reduced with inferiority, 6 was for the best and 1 was for the worst genotype. Research and extension personnel assisted farmers in scoring. Crop was grown with farmers' management at farmers' field and recommended management at on-station. In 2002-03, 7 test entries were evaluated with local check in 4 replications at 4 farmers' fields in BT. In 2003-04, 7 test entries were compared with check variety in design II method (Witcombe 2002) with 15 replications (farmers). In 2004-05, only 2 genotypes, ranked I" and 2^nd in farmers' overall preference (FOP) score in MT of previous year were tested in design I method (one test entry and one check comprised a BT) in 30 farmers' fields. Baby trials were evaluated by house hold level questionnaire (HLQ) suggested by Witcombe 2002. Yield data were taken by the researchers. The crop was grown under farmers' management. To disseminate farmers-preferred new varieties, :20 kg seeds of Shatabdi were supplied to each of the 20 farmers of 2 villages in 2002-03 and 20 kg each of 10 farmers' of 3^rdvillages in 2003-04. Farmers seeded and grown the crop in their own management. Seeds were not given 2^ndtime to the farmers in the same village. In addition, field days, workshops, rallies, focus group discussions (FGD) etc., were done . To measure impact, a house hold level questionnaire (HLQ) was prepared to record the data on: new variety adoption, varietal diversity, seed dissemination, sources of seeds, etc. A team of research and extension personnel headed by a 3^rd person- an Economist conducted the survey. Data were collected from 30 farmers from each of the 3 villages. The criteria for selecting those 30 farmers were as follows: ? Ten farmers were PVS research collaborators ? Ten were not PVS research collaborators but got trainings on wheat ? The rest 10 were completely new and did not get any training The farmers within each group were randomly selected. Every year, the least preferred entries were rejected from mother and baby trials so, genotypes in the trials were also changed. However, 6 entries were common in 2 years both at farmers' field and on-station. Data were analyzed in RCBD combined over years. Data of 2004-05 were analyzed in RCBD. Data of BT were tested by two-tailed paired t-test. Survey data were compiled in excel sheet. Adoption data were converted into percent. Impacts were estimated by the difference of two survey data.

Source of Information: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLANT BREEDING AND SEED FOR FOOD SECURITY, IGPBSFS: 11-17, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Findings of PVS research in Dinajpur, Bangladesh indicated that BAW 1008, Shatabdi and BAW 1006 consistently performed better in yield and farmers overall preference (FOP) both at mothers and baby trials. Seed preservation techniques of the farmers improved remarkably. Farmers' selected varieties disseminated very rapidly and increased varietal diversity. Informal seed dissemination through farmers to farmer was found very effective to increase varietal dissemination and diversity.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings