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Effect of Different Levels of Saturated Solution of Calcium Chloride in the Preparation of Calcium Salt of Fatty Acid and Its Effect on Rumen Protozoa, Ph and Ammonia Nitrogen

MMR Meraj
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

MAS Khan
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

TA Rakhi
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202

NR Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Calcium salt of fatty acid was prepared by adding 3 different levels of saturated solution of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) to soybean oil. It was found that fat content was not significantly affected by calcium chloride. However, calcium chloride had significant effect on other parameters like dry matter, fat, ash and sodium. The highest calcium and fat was obtained when 3.5 parts CaCl₂ were added (p<0.01). It was also observed that “sun drying” and “drying at room temperature” had no significant effect on any parameter except dry matter content. Calcium salt of fatty acid had significant anti-protozoal effect (p<0.01) in sheep. Treated group showed reduced protozoal number without affecting the rumen pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen. It was also found that the number of rumen protozoa in rumen liquor was less at 12:00 p.m. than that at 3:30 p.m. when sheep were fed 3% calcium salt.

Keywords: Calcium chloride, Calcium salt, Rumen ammonia nitrogen, pH and protozoa

Location: Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 01-07-2009

End Date: 01-12-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Buffalo

Objectives:

1. The main objectives of the study was to prepared calcium salt of fatty acids and then its effect on rumen pH, protozoa, and rumen ammonia nitrogen.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Animal Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka for a period of five months from 1st July to 1st Four parts of an aqueous solution of NaOH (6M) were added to five parts of soybean oil, and the hydrolysis of oil triacylglycerols was performed at 95 to 100 December 2009. The chemical analyses of feed was done in the Animal Nutrition Laboratory of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), analysis for Ca at the laboratory of soil Science Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Sodium (Na) at the Central Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Mymensingh, fatty acid profile was determined at Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST) University of Dhaka. Protozoa count of rumen liquor was performed at Rumen Microbiology Laboratory of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. Feeding trial was done at sheep and goat farm of BLRI. with continuous agitation and bubbling N₂. When no more oil was visible, the resulting blend was left to stand at 5^oC until Na soaped and solidified. The Na soaps were dissolved in hot water (95 to 100^oC) using a 1:5.6 ratio of soap to water, and a saturated solution of CaCl₂ at three different ratios of 2.5 parts, 3.5 parts and 4.5 parts of soap to water was added for salting out. A filter cloth was used to filter the Ca salts and tap water was used to remove residual NaOH and excess CaCl₂ was removed by following water. The Ca salts were finally dried both in air and sun, and kept at about –20^o Ten female sheep with an average live weight of 12.955±2.766 Kg were selected for the experiment. The experiment lasted for 15 days. The animals were divided into two groups of five sheep in each named control group TC until used for feeding. T₀ (Live weight 12.92±3.02) and treatment group T₁ (live weight 12.99±2.844). The animals were housed in individual pans. During the trial period sheep belonged to control group T_o were offered Napier silage mixed with molasses adlibitum and concentrate mixture (i.e Wheat bran, rice polish and mustard oil cake) 1.5% of the live weight of the individual animal. Sheep belonged to treatment group T₁Diets were offered two times daily. In the morning (8:00 am), animals were offered half of the concentrate mixture and in the evening (2:00 pm), the next half. In the last five days of experimental period 3% Calcium salt of fatty acid on the basis of concentrate mixture were given with the morning portion of concentrate mixture. Napier silage mixed with molasses was given only at 10:00 am daily. Each morning leftover feed samples were weighed to measure the feed intake. No refusals of concentrate mixture were found in any case. were offered the same diet but this group was also offered 3% Calcium salt of fatty acid an additional or as replacement of NaCl on the basis of total concentrate mixture during the last five days of experiment. During the whole period clean drinking water was provided to all the Rumen liquor was collected by using saline pipe inserted in another wider pipe inserted through oesophagus and drawn by syringe. After collecting pH was measured and the liquor taken in 10ml test tube at a ratio of 1:9 rumen liquor and MFS (Methyl green-formalin-Sodium chloride) stain respectively for protozoal count.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (2): 109-143

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Calcium salt of fatty acid was prepared by adding 3 different levels saturated solution of CaCl₂ and also different drying methods (air and sun drying) were measured. It was found that 3.5 parts CaCl₂ gave the best result in both drying process. Thus it could be said that calcium salt of fatty acid can be prepared by applying 3.5 parts CaCl₂ References and by both drying process. Calcium salt of fatty acid significantly reduced protozoal number without affecting the rumen pH and rumen ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, when there is less protozoal number higher the bacterial population and thus higher the fiber digestion and at the same time no alteration of rumen environmental condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal