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Greenhouse Gas Emission (n2o) Trial at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

Abdul Latif Shah
Chief Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur

S M Mofijul Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Soil Science Division, BRRI Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The field studies were conducted at BRRI Gazipur with the objectives i) to quantify N₂O emission from paddy soils, ii) to measure the comparative contribution of different N sources and management. Two field experiments were set up simultaneously. Expt.1 alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and Expt. 2; continuously standing water (CSW). The study results showed that NH₄-N content of flood water was higher with urea application in both basal and top dress condition than USG and NPK briquette irrespective of rates in CSW and AWD condition. About 51 kg N either from USG or NPK briquette as deep placement is good for obtaining optimum rice yield in T. Aus and T. Aman season. The N utilization efficiency was also higher with USG and NPK briq. at this rate. In the Boro season, nitrogen @ 78 kg/ha produced yield around 5.0 t/ha irrespective of N sources in both AWD and CSW conditions. In the T. Aus 2013 it showed that total N₂O emission were higher in AWD compared to CSW system and higher N₂O emission occurred in urea briquette compared to prilled urea. Relatively dry condition favored N₂O and NO emission compared to waterlogged condition.

Keywords: PU, NPK briquette, UDP, NH4, Nitrous oxide

Location: BRRI farm, Gazipur

Start Date: 01-07-2012

End Date: 30-06-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To quantify the N₂O emission from paddy soils
To measure the comparative contribution of different N sources and management

Methodology:

Two field experiments were set up simultaneously in each season of Aus, Aman, Boro 2011-12 and Aus 2013, at BRRI farm, Gazipur. Expt.1 alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and Expt. 2; continuously standing water (CSW). The experimental design was RCB with 6 replications having 8 treatments in both conditions. The treatments were N-control, USG-N₅₂, USG-N₇₈_,Urea-N₇₈_,Urea-N₁₀₄_,NPK briq₅₁_,Urea-N₁₂₀and NPK briq₇₈_. The treatments of AWD and CSW were same but only water management was different. Phosphorus, K and 1/3 urea-N were applied at the time of transplanting in respective treatments. USG (UDP) and NPK briquette was placed in respective treatments. For AWD management, a perforated PVC pipe (10 cm diameter) was placed in expt. 1 to measure wetting and drying cycle of the experiment. The length of PVC pipe was 25 cm being perforated leaving 10 cm upper portion. The 15 cm perforated portion was places into the soil and remove the inside soil up to 15 cm depth. The water level was measured in alternate day. Irrigation was given when the water level goes down 15 cm from soil surface inside the perforated PVC pipe. In the mean time water NH₄–N was determined during basal and USG placement time of both the experiments. Nitric oxide was measured with a Teledyne API T200 Chemiluminescence Analyzer and N₂O was measured with a Teledyne API T320U Gas Filter Correlation Analyzer and calibration was done by a Teledyne API T700 Dynamic Dilution Calibrator.

Source of Information: Proceedings of the BRRI Annual Internal Review, 2013-14

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. United States Agency for International Development	Budget:
2.	Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study results showed that NH₄-N content of flood water was found higher with urea application in both basal and top dress condition than USG and NPK briquette irrespective of rates in CSW and AWD condition. About 51 kg N either from USG or NPK briquette as deep placement is good for obtaining optimum rice yield in T. Aus and T. Aman season. The N utilization efficiency was also higher with USG and NPK briq. at this rate. In the Boro season, nitrogen @ 78 kg/ha produced yield around 5.0 t/ha irrespective of N sources in both AWD and CSW conditions. Beyond this rate the yield increased was not remarkable. It means N sources are equally effective. In the T. Aus 2013 it showed that total N₂O and NO emission were higher in AWD compared to CSW system and higher N₂O emission occurred in urea briquette compared to prilled urea. Relatively dry condition favored N₂O and NO emission compared to waterlogged condition. Nitrous oxide and NO emission were higher in 26 to 45 DAT in AWD system and it was relatively dry situation. The second highest emission pick found again near to grain maturity (65 to 75 DAT) in both CSW and AWD system which was also relatively dry period in crop growth stage.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings