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Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Association in Acacia Auriculiformis A. Cunn.ex Benth. Growing in Different Locations of Bangladesh

Partha Pratim Dhar
Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

M. Amin Uddin Mridha
Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization and spore population of AM fungi in roots and rhizosphere soils of Acacia auriculiformis were studied. Roots and rhizosphere soils of A. auriculiformis from ten different locations of Bangladesh were collected. Standard methods were followed to stain the roots with aniline blue and to extract the AM fungal spores from the soil samples. There were significant variations in total percent AM colonization, percent colonization of AM fungal structures in different locations and AM fungal spore population in the soil samples at 5% level of significance. The highest percent of mycelial colonization was observed in CU, CARS- Joydevpur and Sonamasjid (87% in each location) and the lowest was observed in Thandachhari (67%). The range of vesicular colonization was 20-84% and the range of arbuscular colonization was 19-59%. Poor, moderate and abundant intensity of mycelial, vesicular and arbuscular colonization varied widely. Spore population of AM fungi in the rhizosphere soils of A. auriculiformis in different locations varied significantly. The highest AM fungal spore population was observed 1330 in Betagi and the lowest was (110) in Sonamasjid. Glomus was dominating AM fungi. The distribution of Glomus was significantly variable. The highest percent population of Glomus was observed in CARS and the lowest was in CU. Diversity indices (Simpson's diversity index-Ds & Shannon-Weiner diversity index-Hs) were highest (0.6162 and 1.8858) in CU and lowest was in CARS (0.0367 and 0.1330). Biodiversity of AM colonization and AM fungi in the rhizosphere soils of different locations indicated the applicability of AM technology in the A. auriculiformis plantations.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM fungal spore population, Diversity index, Acacia auriculiformis.

Location: plantations of different locations over Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Akash moni

Objectives:

To observe the AM association in A. auriculiformis from different locations of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Roots and rhizosphere soils of A. auriculiformis were collected from the plantations of different locations over Bangladesh. These are Charaljani (Madhupur, Tangail); Betagi (Rangunia, Chittagong); CU (Chittagong University campus) Thandachhari (Rangunia, Chittagong), CARS (Central Agricultural Research Station, Joydevpur), RARS (Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jamalpur), Putiya (Rajshahi), Khasiadanga (Rajshahi) and Sonamasjid (Chanpainawabganj). Fine roots and rhizosphere soils of three replicated samples were collected from 0-15cm depth with a soil corer. Separated roots were washed well and preserved in 5% formalin. Soil was studied soon to avoid the scratch of the spores. The soil was mixed well with water to make a soil-water suspension and the suspension was passed through the ASTM-60, ASTM-100, ASTM-240 and ASTM-400 sieves gradually to extract the spores following by wet sieving and decanting method with some modifications. Spores were separated on the basis of morphological characters and then they were observed under compound microscope mounting on PVLG and Melzer's reagent to determine the proper genus. Percent population of individual genus and diversity indices were calculated. The roots preserved in 5% formalin were washed with care and chopped into 1 cm length for AM fungal structural analysis. The roots were cleaned and stained with aniline-blue. Ten segments were mounted on a slide and examined under microscope at l0xl0 magnification. The presence or absence of AM fungal structures (mycelium, vesicules and arbuscules) were recorded and analyzed for determining the percent of structural colonization. The percent of structural colonization was calculated by the following formula:

% Colonization = (Total Number of positive segments /Total number of segments studied) x 100

Mycelial colonization was considered as total AM colonization and the intensity of structural colonization was measured as poor, moderate and abundant on the basis of the total percent colonization of individual structure. Total percent of mycelial, vesicular and arbuscular colonization were subjected to statistical analyses. One way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests were accomplished by using SPSS-l1.5 software.

Source of Information: JOURNAL OF FORESTRY & ENVIRONMENT 3:61 - 68, 2005

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Findings of the present study revealed that A. auriculiformis formed arbuscular mycorrhizal association for better growth and establishment in the low-fertile soils where nutrient deficiency is a growth-limiting factor. The varying properties of soils of different places and effects of other physical, biotic and abiotic factors needed to be studied extensively in the application and manipulation of AM fungal species diversity in the soils of Acacia plantations. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization might be considered as a common and natural factor for the successful establishment of A. auriculiformis in phosphorus deficient soils of different locations over Bangladesh. Regarding the status of AM fungal colonization in the roots of Acacia plants the management of indigenous AM fungi and application of AM technology in the plantation program of A. auriculiformis should be emphasized for better and effective manipulation of AM fungi in the plantations A. auriculiformis.

Knowledge Management: Journal