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Antagonistic Potential of Root Region Microflora of Chickpea Against Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Ciceri

M. A Bashar
Department of Botany, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Bharat Rai
Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005, India.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Antagonistic potential of root-region microflora of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri was evaluated through colony interactions and the effects of their volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Trichoderma harzianum. T. uiride, Streptomyces rochi (S_I) and S. rimosus were proved to be strong antagonists. Significant colony inhibition of the pathogen, was noted due to colony interaction with species of Aspergillus. T. harzianum, T, koningii. T. uiride. S. rochi (S_I), S. rimosus and Bacillus subtilis (S₂) and due to non-volatile metabolites of A. luchuensis. A. niger. S. rochi (S₁) and S. rimosus and the volatile metabolites of Penicillium citrinum, P. decumbens. P. oxalicum, T. koningii, T. uiride, S. rochi (S_I) and S. rimosus. Considering all the parameters in totality T. harzianum, T. uiride. S. rochi (S_I) and S. rimosus were noted as the most potent antagonists against the test pathogen.

Keywords: Microbial antagonism, Chickpea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceti (FOC), Volatile and non-volatile metabolites.

Location: Department of Botany, Dhaka Untversity

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To screen out the potent antagonists for biological control of the pathogen.

Methodology:

A total of 30 soil fungi and six bacteria, including four Streptomyces, isolated from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of healthy and wilted chickpea plants were tested against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC) for their potential antagonistic activity following the methods as described below:

The colony interactions were studied on PDA by inoculating 5 mm agar blocks of the test microorganisms with FOC of the same diameter, 3 cm apart from each other, in paired combinations over solid media in 5 replicate 9 cm Petri dishes. The inoculated plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C for fungi and 32 ± 2°C for actinomycetes and bacteria. In general, observations were made after 6 days for fungi and bacteria and 8 days for actinomycetes. The assessment of the interactions were made following the model of Skidmore and Dickinson (1976) for colony interaction. The parameters used for the assessment of colony interaction were the width of intermingled zone, inhibition zone and per cent inhibition of radial growth 1. e. 100 x (r_l-r₂) x r_l(Fokkema 1976): where r_ldenotes diameter of the radial growth of the test pathogen towards opposite side and r₂ denotes it towards the opponent microorganisms. The method was followed to study the effects of volatile and non-volatile metabolites on radial growth of the test pathogen. For the effect of volatiles, the test fungi were grown on PDA for 6 days, actinomycetes on Jensen's medium for 10 days and bacteria on Thornton's medium (Thornton 1922) for 6 days in 9 cm diameter Petri dishes in five replicate at 25 ± 2 and 32 ±2°C, respectively. Thereafter, the lid of each Petri dish was replaced by the same size bottom plate containing 20 ml PDA medium, preinoculated centrally with an agar block of 5 mm diameter of the test pathogen. Both the dishes were then sealed with scellotape, The lid of the control plate, which was not inoculated with any fungus, was also replaced in the same way but with the test pathogen in place of the test microorganisms. All the plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C and the colony diameter of FOC was measured after 48h. For the effect of non-volatile metabolites 250 ml conical flask containing 100 m1 potato-dextrose broth was inoculated with each test fungus in replicate flasks and incubated for 10 days at 25 ± 2°C. The culture filtrates were filtered first through a Whatman filter paper no. 44 and finally through a Seitz filter under vacuum pump to obtain cell free culture filtrates. Jensen's and Thornton's media were used instead of PDA in case of actinomycetes and bacteria, respectively. Twenty ml culture filtrate was poured into 80 ml autoclaved and cooled potato dextrose broth medium for each experiment. The conical flask containing the medium and culture filtrate was well shaken which was inoculated with the pathogen in five replicates. The same quantity of autoclaved and cooled water was added in 80 ml of the medium for control. The growth of the test pathogen was measured after 10 days of incubation at 25 ± 2°C when it had achieved an equalibrium. The hyphal mats were harvested on weighed filter papers and dried at 80°C for 48 h. Dry weight of each mycelial mats was determined

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 23 (1): 13-19. 1994 (june)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Trichoderma harzianum, T. uiride, Streptomyces rochi (S_I) and S. rimosus were proved to be strong antagonists. The actinomycetes were found to change the pH of the medium towards a alkaline side which could have possibly inhibited growth of the pathogen.

Knowledge Management: Journal