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Efficacy of Some Botanicals as Insecticides on the Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (coquillett) (diptera : Tephritidae)

S. Sultana
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

A.F.M. Aslam
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

F.A. Ahmed
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka – 1342, Bangladesh.

A.J. Howlader
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Efficacy of methanolic extracts of different indigenous plant parts, such as the leaves and barks of neem (Azadirachta indica); leaves of basil ( Ocimum basilicum), mahua (Madhuca indica), lantana ( Lantana camara), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) , surjokonna ( Spilanthes acmella) and flowers of golden shower (Cassia fistula), rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and orchid ( Mokara charkuan) were tested against the oviposition behavior of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera : Tephritidae). Most effective botanicals as attractants were observed in C. fistula and M. indica . In choice test, the percentage of B. cucurbitae pupae emerged were 0.0 in the leaves and barks of A. indica, 0.22 in flowers of M. charkuan, 1.43 in leaves of O. basilicum, 2.68 in leaves of L. camara, 6.83 in flowers of C. roseus, 5.51 in leaves of S. acmella , 13.27 in leaves of E. globules, 19.99 in flowers of C. fistula and 14.09 in leaves of M. indica. In no- choice test, the respective percentages of B. cucurbitae pupae emerged were 0.0, 2.19, 2.29, 11.68, 10.65, 12.34, 7.73, 6.76, 13.66 and 15.16 for the leaves of A. indica, bark of A. indica, in flowers of M. charkuan, in leaves of O. basilicum, in flowers of L. camara , in flowers of C. roseus, in leaves of S. acmella , in leaves of E. globules , in flowers of C. fistula and in leaves of M. indica. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic crude extracts of the botanicals showed that M. indica was strongly positive for steroid; C. fistula were strongly positive for alkaloid, flavonoids and glycoside and M. charkuan was weakly positive for carbohydrates, alkaloid and steroid.

Keywords: Efficacy, Insecticidal properties, Botanicals , Bactrocera cucurbitae.

Location: Jahangirnager University campus.

Start Date: 00-10-2012

End Date: 00-12-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

To assess the bioefficacy of the above plant extracts against the fly aiming to develop an ecofriendly and sustainable management system of the pest species.

Methodology:

Ten different botanicals, such as leaves and barks of neem (Azadirachta indica); leaves of basil ( Ocimum basilicum), mahua (Madhuca indica), lantana ( Lantana camara), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), surjokonna (Spilanthes acmella) and flowers of golden shower ( Cassia fistula ), rosy periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus) and orchid ( Mokara charkuan) were collected from Jahangirnager University campus. Different parts of the plants were dried in an oven at 60-70 ºC for four hours and grinded separately using mortar and pastel. Each of the plant part was extracted for 8 hours successively with analytical grade methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus at 60º-70ºC. The extracts obtained were then stored at 4 ºC keeping each in a separate conical flask. One gram of each crude extract was dissolve d in 10 ml methanol. Thus, 100 g crude extracts of each plant part were used for preparing 100 ml stock solution. B. cucurbitae deposit their eggs inside the host tissue and the emerging larvae remain inside. It is difficult to count the number of larvae inside the food medium, therefore, the oviposition preference was calculated by counting the number of pupae emerged. Pieces of sweet gourds (Cucurbita maxima) were used as oviposition medium. Oviposition preference of the melon fly, B. cucurbitae was tested against the ten different types of plant extracts performing two types of tests- choice test and nonchoice test. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University from October 2012 to December 2012. A whole sweet gourd was collected from the local market and cut into pieces each weighing about 200 g. A total of 12 pieces of sweet gourds were prepared at a time. One piece of the sweet gourd was soaked with 5 ml of a particular type of plant extract. Thus, there were 10 pieces of sweet gourd treated with the 10 different types of pl ant extracts. A piece of the sweet gourd was treated with 5 ml of pure methanol and a piece was kept as untreated control. Each piece of the sweet gourd was then placed on a small petridish. The pieces of the sweet gourd treated with different types of the plant extract, only methanol and fresh were randomly arranged inside the rearing cage (76.2 × 66 × 76.2 cm). Then 400 pairs of gravid adults were released into the rearing cage. After 24 hours of egg deposition, the pieces of sweet gourds along with the petridishes were collected and then placed on a layer of saw dust (pupation media) inside a plastic bowl which was covered with thin clothes to permit pupation. After 2 to 3 days, plastic bowls were checked regularly for drop out of the rotting host-juice from the petridish to avoid the unnatural death of larvae. After 6-8 days, pupae were collected by sieving the saw dust. The same experiment was replicated three times. The total number of pupae produced from each type of sweet gourd was counted, recorded and compared with each other. Data obtained from the experiments were statistically analyzed through ANOVA at RCBD (1 factor) design. Since F-test was significant, means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple comparison Range Tests at 0.05% level of significance using MSTAT-C statistical program.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 41(1): 105-112, 2013

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJZ/article/view/23304/16016

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall findings, we may conclude that M. indica and C. fistula were the most preferred botanicals to be considered for the control of the melon fly. As far as the production of pupae is concerned, the leaf and bark of A. indica, leaf of basil O. basilicum and flowers of M. charkuan extracts have high oviposition deterrent effect. Experimental results might be useful in developing phytochemical bait to attract and killing technique to combat against the melon flies. Besides traditional ways, it assumes that the further advancement of this work will be most promising to us that may lead to open new door for the future control strategies to solve the melon fly problem.

Knowledge Management: Journal