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Laboratory Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts as Toxicants Against Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum Herbst

M. S. A. Mamun
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

M. Shahjahan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. Ahmad
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the toxicity of six botanicals, Bazna (Zanthoxylum rhetsa), Ghora-neem (Melia sempervirens), Hijal (Barringtonia acutangula), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Mahogoni (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) against red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Leaf and seed extracts were prepared by using acetone, methanol and water as solvents. The results showed that extracts of all the six plants had direct toxic effect on red flour beetle. Among them, Neem seed extract showed the highest toxic effect (mortality, 52.50%), whereas Hijal leaf extract possessed the lowest toxic effect (mortality, 22.24%). Among the solvents, acetone extract showed more toxic effect than other extracts. Seed extracts of respective plants were slightly more toxic than leaf extract. The effectiveness of most of the plant extracts increased proportionally with the increase of doses and decreased with time.

Keywords: Plant extracts, Toxicity, Red flour beetle

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-07-2004

End Date: 00-05-2005

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

1. To study the toxic effect of leaf and seed extracts of Bazna (Zanthoxylum rhetsa), Ghora-neem (Melia sempervirens), Hijal (Barringtonia acutangula), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Mahogoni (Swietenia mahagoni) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) in controlling red flour beetle.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during the period from July 2004 to March 2005. The test insect species was collected from food godown of Mymensingh town and was maintained in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, BAU, Mymensingh at 27 to 30°C temperature and 70-75% relative humidity. The insects were reared on sterilized wheat grains in rectangular jars (9.5 cm X 7.5 cm X 20 cm). Each jar was set up with 20 pairs of adult insects and the newly emerged adults were utilized in the subsequent experiments of the present study. Preparation of plant extracts - Fresh leaves and seeds of Bazna, Ghora-Neem, Hijal, Karanja, Mahogoni and Neem were collected from the surroundings of BAU campus. Afterwards they were washed in running water. The plant materials were kept in shade for air-drying and then they were dried in the oven at 60°C to gain constant weight. Powdered samples were prepared by pulverizing the dried leaves and seeds with the help of a grinder. The ground samples were passed through a 25-mesh sieve to obtain fine and uniform dust. The dust was preserved in airtight condition in polythene bags till their use in extract preparation. Ten gram of sample of each category was taken in a 500 ml beaker and mixed separately with 100 ml of different solvents (acetone, methanol and distilled water). The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes by a magnetic stirrer (at 6000 rpm) and left to stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtrated materials were taken in a round bottom flask and condensed to 10 ml by evaporation of solvent in a water bath maintained at 45°C, 55°C and 80°C temperature for acetone, methanol and water extracts, respectively. After the evaporation of solvent, the condensed extracts were preserved in tightly corked labeled bottles and stored in a refrigerator until their use for insect bioassay. Different concentrations of plant extracts were prepared by dissolving the stock solutions in the respective solvent prior to insect bioassay. Insect bioassays - A laboratory test for direct toxicity by topical application method was conducted following established method. Four different concentrations of each plant extracts (5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5%) were prepared with respective solvents. One microliter of prepared solution was applied to the dorsal surface of the thorax of each insect using a micropipette. Ten insects (five males & five females) per replication were treated and each treatment was replicated thrice. In addition, the same number of insects were treated with solvent only for control. After treatment, the insects were transferred into 9 cm diameter petri dishes (10 insects/petri dish) containing wheat grains. Insect mortalities were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Original data were corrected by formula: Percentage of corrected mortality = (Observed mortality-Control mortality/100-control mortality) x 100. The experimental data were statistically analysed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The mean values adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). LC₅₀ values were calculated by using probit analysis.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 1–5, 2009; ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded the botanicals used had direct toxic effect. Among the tested plants Neem extracts showed the highest toxic effect and seed extract was more effective than leaf extract. Acetone extract showed the maximum toxicity followed by methanol and water extracts. Neem is available throughout the country and the farmers may use this plant in their storage structure for the management of stored grain pests.

Knowledge Management: Journal