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Physico-chemical Analysis of Mulberry (morus Alba) Seed Oil

T Yeasmin
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.

S Raza
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.

S K Sarkar
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.

A A Sarkar
Bangladesh Sericulture Research & Training Institute, Rajshahi.

N Absar
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The major chemical composition such as moisture, protein, fat and carbohydrate content of mulberry seeds were analyzed. Mulberry seeds contained 38% carbohydrate, 32% fat, 15% protein and 9.2% moisture. Minerals such as calcium and iron were found to be 65mg and 3.2mg per 100gm of seeds. Mulberry seeds oil was extracted with petroleum ether. The oil, as fractionated into mono-di-and triglycerides and their compositions were determined to be about 2.92%, 3.15% and 90.12% respectively. The fatty acid composition of mulberry seed oil and two commercial brand vegetable oils were determined by GLC. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids were 80.97%, 85.61 % and 84.78% for MS oil, "Phoolkapi" and "Fresh" brand vegetable oil respectively.

Keywords: Mulberry seed oil, Specific gravity, Fatty acids

Location: Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Rajshahi.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Mulberry

Objectives:

To attain mainly detailed informations about quality of the oil by determining its physicochemical characteristics as well as fatty acid compositions.

Methodology:

Mulberry seeds were collected from the Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Rajshahi. Good seeds were dried in the sun, stored and used for experimental purpose. "Phoolkapi" and "Fresh" brands vegetable oil were purchased from local market. Ash, moisture, protein, lipid, free sugar, starch, iron and calcium contents of mulberry seeds were determined, respectively. The oil was extracted from mulberry seed by solvent extraction process. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The oil obtained from mulberry seeds was purified over a neutral alumina column using ether-diethyl ether (70:30, VN) as eluting solvent. The purity of the oil was checked by Thin' Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique. The specific gravities of mulberry seed oil and two different commercial brand of vegetables oils were measured at 25°C with the help of a pycnometer. Refractive index of the clear oils (free from moisture and air bubbles) was determined in the Abbe refractometer at 28°C. The smoke point, flash point and fire point were determined. The pour, cloud and solidification points were measured ASTM standard method (1952) for the lubricating oils. Lovibond Tintometer (lcm cell) was used for oil color measurement. Percentage of free fatty acid (as oleic), peroxidase value, iodine number, saponification value, unsaponification matter (%), saponification equivalent, thiocyanogen value and hydroxyl number were determined by the standard methods of the AOCS. Mono-di- and triglycerides in the oils were determined by column chromatography on silica gel. Fatty acid compositions of the oils were determined using the techniques of TLC and Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The fatty acid methyl esters of the oils and those of the standard fatty acids were obtained by direct esterification. Analytical TLC was carried out on glass plates (20x20cm) with a layer of silica gel G (thickness 0.25mm). Chloroform, methanol and acetic acid mixture (90: 10: 1, v/v) was used as the developing solvent. A Pye-Unicarn gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector was used. The temperatures of the ijector, detector and column were maintained at 220 C, 160°C and 180°C respectively. Gas chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with those of methyl esters of standard fatty acids in respect of their retention time. Peaks were measured by a Pye-Unicarn electronic integrator. The percentage of each peak was calculated as % of total area of all the peaks.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Sericulture, 2007, Vol.1, pp:47-51, ISSN:1817-5899.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

As the MS oil may be trapped as a very good source of oleic acid, so it can be used widely in the industry for making soap, cosmetics, body massage oil, preparation of paint etc as well as in making artificial feed for poultry, fish, cattle etc.

Knowledge Management: Journal