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Mycorrhizal Status of Some Bangladesh Soils and the Effect of Indigenous Va-mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Rice Plants

A. H. KHAN
Department of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

A. ISLAM
Department of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

R. ISLAM
FAO, Road No. 8, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

S. BEGUM
Department of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

S. M. IMAMUL HUQ
Department of Soil Science, Dhaka University, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Number of mycorrhizal endogone spores ranged between 13.4 and 220 per 100 g air dried soil in ten representative Bangladesh soils. The presence of greater number of spores was always associated with the incidence of abundant mycelia. The formation of spores and mycelia was restricted by low soil pH. Soil sterilization by heating at 105⁰C for 24 hrs completely inhibited the infection of rice roots by indigenous mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal injection greatly improved the growth and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc) contents of rice plants.

Keywords: Mycorrizal status, Bangladesh soils, Va- Mycorrizal fungus, Rice plants

Location: Dhaka University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To monitor the status of indigenous endogone spores and mycelia in ten representative Bangladesh soils under diverse cropping pattern.
To evaluate the effect of the indigenous mycorrhiza on the growth and nutrition of rice plants.

Methodology:

Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 15 cm from ten different locations during the dry season 15 to 20 days after the harvest of the standing crops. The number of spores and mycelial fragments was estimated using wet sieving technique devised by Gerdemann and Nicolson (1963) and Mosse and Bowen (1968). The results have been expressed on air dry soil basis. Four of the ten soils were used for the culture of rice plants in pots. BR-3 variety of rice, collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, was used as the test crop. Two sets of experiments were conducted -in one set, pots contained sterilized soils and in the other non-sterilized soils. Sterilization was done by heating the soils at 105⁰C for 24 hrs. The experimental soils were prepared by mixing two parts of soil with one part of sand. The send was pretreated with acid and washed with distilled water subsequently. pots of 4 kg capacity were used and 3 kg soil-sand samples (2 kg soil with 1 kg sand) were taken in each pot. Each of the experiments was repeated thrice. Required amount of calcium hydroxide was added to the soil ( except Ghatail soil) to bring the pH up to 6.0 as pH value below this is considered to be low for efficient establishment of VA-mycorrhiza. The soils were fertilized with nitrogen and potassium at the rate of 100 kg N and 40 kg K/ha, the sources being urea and muriate of potash, respectively. Ten seeds were sown per pot and thinned to five after germination. The plants were sampled at 28,56 and 70 days after the emergence of seedlings. The dry weights of the aerial parts of the rice plants (dried at 65⁰C for 24 hrs) were taken and the shoots were analysed for N, P and Zn following the methods described by piper (1966). The roots of the sampled plants were dug very carefully to get most of the finer roots. Root samples were cleaned, cut into I cm segments (Hayman et al, 1976) and stained according to the method described by phillips and Hayman (1970). The root segments were then observed under a binocular microscope at a low magnification. The infected and uninfected root segments were counted and per cent infection was calculated. For mycorrhizal plants (grown in non-sterilized soils), mycorrhizal dependency values were calculated according to the method devised by Plenchette et al.(1983). It has been designated relative field mycorrhizal dependency (RFMD) index and was determined by expressing the difference between dry weights of mycorrhizal and that of non-mycorrhizal plants. The results have been expressed as a percentage of dry weight of mycorrhizal plant.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 17(1) : 49-56, 1988

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mycorrhizal injection greatly improved the growth and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc) contents of rice plants.

Knowledge Management: Journal