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Immunogenicity of Fowl Typhoid Vaccine in Layer Chickens

J. Ferdous
Veterinary Training Institute, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. S. R. Khan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

F. Begum
Veterinary Training Institute, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

J. Hassan
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The immunogenicity of available fowl typhoid vaccine was studied in layer chickens following usual and suggested schedule of vaccination. A total of 30 chickens were divided into three groups; group A (vaccinated following usual schedule of vaccination), B (vaccinated following suggested schedule of vaccination) and C (as control), each containing 10 layer chickens of Fayoumi breed. Chickens of group A and B were vaccinated with available fowl typhoid vaccine produced by the Governments laboratory at a dose rate of 0.5ml at each occasion through SC route, where 1st dose was administered at 42 days and 35 days of age, respectively, and 2nd dose at 72 days and 65 days of age, respectively. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera from each chicken at every 7 days interval up to 105 days post vaccination for determination of antibody titre following primary and secondary vaccination using microplate agglutination test. The highest mean antibody titre obtained from Group A was 460.8 than that of B was 435.2, respectively. Among the two groups, the highest mean antibody titre of 460.8 was obtained at 56 days post vaccination in group A following usual schedule of vaccination. It revealed that government supplied fowl typhoid vaccine induced higher level of antibody production in both usual and suggested schedule of vaccination.

Keywords: Immunogenicity, Fowl Typhoid, Vaccine, Layer chicken, Suggested, Usual

Location: Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Chicken

Objectives:

1. To study the immunogenicity of DLS prepared Fowl typhoid vaccine in layer chickens following usual and suggested schedule of vaccination.

Methodology:

Thirty chickens were divided into three groups; group A, B and C each containing 10 layer chickens of Fayoumi breed. Chickens of group A and B were vaccinated with DLS prepared fowl typhoid vaccine @ of 0.5ml at each occasion through SC route, where 1st dose was administered at 42 days and 35 days of age, respectively, and 2nd dose at 72 days and 65 days of age, respectively. Blood samples were collected to obtain sera from each chicken at every 7 days interval up to 105 days post vaccination for determination of antibody titre following primary and secondary vaccination using microplate agglutination test. Fowl typhoid vaccine produced by the Directorate of Livestock Services (DLS) at the livestock Research Institute (LRI), Mohakhali, Dhaka was obtained from the District Livestock Office, Mymensingh and was stored at 4-8⁰C until use. A local isolate of S. gallinarum. was obtained from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh and was maintained as stock to use as antigen in the agglutination test. organisms were inoculated in agar by streaking and were incubated at 37⁰C for 24 hours. These pure isolates obtained and used for further study. The experimental immunization of Fayoumi chickens of layer breed with inactivated “Fowl Typhoid Vaccine” of DLS was carried out following usual schedule (1st dose at 42 days of age and 2nd dose at 72 days of age) as recommended by the manufacturers and a suggested schedule (1st dose at 35 days and 2nd dose at 65 days of age respectively). The immunization was conducted following the procedure of Heddleston and Reisinger. The birds of group C were kept unvaccinated. The vaccine was administered through SC route @ of 0.5 ml for each bird. About 1.5- 2 ml of blood samples were collected aseptically without anticoagulant from the jugular vein or wing vein of the vaccinated birds of each group using 3 ml disposable plastic syringe. The blood samples were allowed to clot in the syringe and the collection and preservation of serum were accomplished. The stored serum samples were kept in water bath at 56⁰C for half an hour in order to inactivate complements. After inactivation, sera were stored at – 20⁰ C until use. The organisms were grown in Selenite broth for 18 hours at 37⁰C and then subjected to heat treatment at 100⁰ C for 30 minutes in hot water bath. The treated suspension was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 15 minutes. The supernatant was removed and the sediment was resuspended with phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS; 7.5) and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 15 minutes. After final centrifugation, 0.1 ml of sedimented cells was suspended in 10 ml of 10% formalinized PBS. The suspension was stored in the refrigerator (0-4⁰ C) for use as antigen in the microplate agglutination test. Microplate agglutination test was carried out. The effect of vaccination on experimental birds in terms of antibody titre was subjected to analysis of Geometric mean with standard error.

Source of Information: J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 99–102, 2009; ISSN 1810-3030

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variation in the antibody titres in between the two groups might be due to the age of vaccination. Chickens in group A vaccinated with DLS-FT vaccine following usual schedule of vaccination showed slightly better immune response than chickens in group B vaccinated with the same vaccine following a suggested schedule. These findings indicated that vaccination at 42 days of age of the chickens produced better immune response than vaccination at 35 days of age.

Knowledge Management: Journal