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In Vitro Effect of Plant Extracts, Fungicides and Antibiotics on the Fungal Isolates Associated with Damping-off Disease of Crucifers

K. S. Hossain
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. A. Bashar
Department of Botany, Dhaka University, Dhaka,

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Damping off of seedlings of Cabbage, Cauliflower and Kohlrabi is very common in the nursery beds of the Dhaka city. Fusarium oxysporum, F. pallidoroseum and Rhizoctonia solani were found to be consistently associated with higher frequency with the diseased seedlings. The effect of extracts of 10 angiospermic plants, 7 fungicides and 3 antibiotics on the vegetative growth of these 3 isolates were studied in vitro. The plant extract of Datura innoxia was found to be most inhibitory on the growth of F. oxysporum and F. pallidoroseum followed by that of Polygonum orientale. The plant extract of Allium sativum and D. innoxia caused complete growth inhibition of R. solani followed by those of Asparagus racemosus and P. orientale. The growths of 3 test isolates were inhibited completely with Bavistin and Knowin at all the concentrations applied. The inhibitory effect of Calixin, Cupravit and Dithane M-45 was also promising. Of the 3 antibiotics, Grisovin and Ketoral effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and F. pallidoroseum but Streptomycin stimulated the growth of the 3 fungal isolates. The result of this study will be helpful in suggesting some effective chemical control measures of damping-off disease of these 3 crucifers.

Keywords: Crucifer, Damping-off, Crucifers, Antibiotics, Fungicide, Plant extract, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium

Location: Kamlapur, Mohammadpur and Uttara in Dhaka city

Start Date: 01-11-2006

End Date: 31-11-2006

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

1. To find out the fungi associated with damping-off infected seedlings of Cabbage, Cauliflower and Kohlrabi and to assess the effect of some angiospermic plant extracts, fungicides and antibiotics on the vegetative growth of some isolates in vitro. It is expected that the results of this study will be helpful in suggesting some effective chemical control measures of damping-off disease of Cabbage, Cauliflower and Kohlrabi.

Methodology:

Fifteen to twenty five days old damping-off infected seedlings of Cabbage, Cauliflower and Kohlrabi were collected from 3 selected plant nurseries at Kamlapur, Mohammadpur and Uttara in Dhaka city during November, 2006. The seedlings were raised from seeds those were mainly imported from Netherlands and were treated with a seed dressing fungicide (Thirum). However, about 10 to 35% seedlings of the crucifers were found to be affected by damping-off disease in the selected nursery beds. The diseased seedlings were carefully dug out with the help of sterilized trowel and were gently tapped to remove the loosely adhering soil particles. The shriveled and blackened portions with some adjacent healthy parts of the infected seedlings were cut off, kept in a sterilized polyethylene bag and brought at the laboratory for isolation work. Three fungal species, viz., Fusarium oxysporum Sah., F. pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn which were found to be consistently associated in higher frequency with damping-off infected seedlings were selected as test isolates. Ten angiospermic plant parts, 7 fungicides and 3 antibiotics were selected to evaluate their effect on the test isolates. All these were collected from the Dhaka city and their particulars are shown in Table 2 and 3. Extract of each desired plant parts and medium preparation was done. The effect of each plant extract was tested following poison food technique at 20% concentration whereas it was 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm in case of fungicides and antibiotics. The radial growths of the colonies were measured after 3 days in case of R. solani while 7 days in case of Fusarium spp. The effect was expressed as percentage of inhibition/ stimulation of growth of the test pathogen and was calculated. The results were statistically analyzed by t-test following Steel and Torrie.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 5 (2): 17-20, 2011; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is anticipated from the present study that the A. sativum and D. innoxia may serve as candidate plant species for their exploitation as potent fungitoxicants for controlling damping-off disease of Cabbage, Cauliflower and Kohlrabi. More over, Bavistin, Knowin and Calixin can be used in suitable chemical control measures of damping-off disease of these 3 crucifers.

Knowledge Management: Journal