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Native Fixed Ammonium in Some Bangladesh Soils

S. M. Imamul Huq
Department of Soil Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. Islam
Department of Soil Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. H. Rashid
Department of Soil Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Many soils are capable of fixing added ammonium and consequently will contain native or naturally fixed ammonium, Therefore, fixed ammonium contents in Six representative soils of Bangladesh (at two depths) were determined and their relationships with different soil properties were studied. The fixed ammonium ranged from 0.62 me, to 2.01 me. per 100g and constituted 14.68 percent on average of the total nitrogen of the soils. A multiple correlation study suggested that the particle size, pH, organic matter content and CEC of the soils contributed to the variation in the content of native fixed ammonium in them. Of these factors, pH and CEC were found to be most effective.

Keywords: Ammonium, Bangladesh Soils, pH, CEC, Soil Properties

Location: Department of Soil Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To estimate the content of native fixed ammonium in then and its relationships with other soil Properties.

Methodology:

The soils included in the study represented six soil series of Bangladesh at two different depths (0-6" and 6-12" from surface ) which varied in their physical and chemical properties. Mechanical analyses of the soils were done by hydrometer method as outlined and the texture was determined by USDA (1951) method. The pH was determined by using a Pye glass electrode pH meter at a soil: water ratio of 1:2.5. The CECs of the soils were determined by using neutral N NH₄OAc. Organic matter was determined volumetrically by wet-oxidation method. The fixed ammonium nitrogen in the soils were determined by the method as described with slight modifications. A special type of distillation apparatus was used in this work as the quick-fit apparatus was not available. A long necked round bottom flask with a protruding nozzle was used as the reservoir of the HF-HCl extract of the soils. After obtaining the HF-HCl extract, it was put into this flask and alkali distilled for 20 minutes. The nozzle of the flask was attached to the condenser through a rubber tubing taking precautions that no gas escaped. This was done by keeping the rubber tube attached to the nozzle of the flask closed with a pinch-cock. The pinch-cock was opened after connecting the rubber tube with the condenser. Steam was then passed through the HF-HCl extract and the ammonium was distilled off.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture 2(1), July 1976

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was found that the content of fixed ammonium in soils varied with the variation of the type of clay minerals and their relative distribution in the soils. The Fatki soil, which contained the highest amount of fixed ammonium had iliite as the predominant clay mineral with traces of vermiculite. The soils of the Noadda and Borda series in which an appreciable amount of nitroger in the form of fixed ammonium was found, also contained illite as the predominant clay mineral. The Tejgaon soil, which contained relatively smaller amount of fixed ammonium contained kaolinite as the predominant clay mineral Stevenson et . al. found that two soils with similar texture but different in their clay minerals varied in their fixed ammonium contents. They found that the soils with illite as the predominant clay mineral had higher amount of fixed ammonium than the other soil whose predominant clay mineral was montmorillonite. Evidence of lesser amount of fixed ammonium in soils rich in kaolinite mineral are in record. lt was, therefore, concluded that the illites present in the soils were mainly responsible for the content of the native fixed ammonium. The fixed ammonium ranged from 0.62 me, to 2.01 me. per 100g and constituted 14.68 percent on average of the total nitrogen of the soils. A multiple correlation study suggested that the particle size, pH, organic matter content and CEC of the soils contributed to the variation in the content of native fixed ammonium in them. Of these factors, pH and CEC were found to be most effective.

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