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Tillage Effects on Infiltration and Percolation Characteristics of Soils Under Rice Wheat Cropping Sequence

M.S. Khan
Soil Physics Section, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur- 1701, Bangladesh.

T.H.Khan
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. Islam
Vice-Chancellor
National University of Bangladesh.

R.A. Begum
Soil Physics Section, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur- 1701, Bangladesh.

W. Rahman
Regional Analytical Centre, SRDI, Joydebpur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of alternate tillage practices on infiltration and percolation characteristics of two Bangladesh soils (Chhiata and Darshana series) were studied under rice-wheat cropping sequence. The influence of tillage practices in rabi season was more prominent than that of tillage practices in kharif season. Both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate increased with the increasing tillage depths in the order of minimum < conventional < deep. Infiltration rate decreased rapidly in all tillage treated plots with increasing time. However, the rate of decrease was higher in plots having higher initial rate The cumulative infiltration increased with depth of tillage practices in both the soils Loosening the pan by increasing the depth of tillage is likely to increase utilization of sub-soil water and recharge of the soil profile. During the kharif season, higher percolation rate was noticed in deep tilled plots in both the locations.

Keywords: Tillage effects, Infiltration and percolation characteristics, Rice-wheat cropping sequence

Location: Joydebpur and Jossore , Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management

Objectives:

To determine the effect of alternate tillage practices on infiltration and percolation characteristics of two Bangladesh soils (Chhiata and Darshana series).

Methodology:

Field experiments were carried out in a Grey Terrace Soil belonging to Chhiata series (Aeric Haplaquepts) at Joydebpur and a Calcareous Brown Floodplain Soil belonging to Darshana series (Typic Eutrochrepts) at Jessore soils to evaluate the effect of alternate tillage techniques on infiltration and percolation characteristics of the soils. For the first kharif crop, the experimental plots were sub divided into twelve unit plot. The three tillage treatments described below, were applied to the twelve unit plots having four replications of each. During rice cultivation, minimum tillage (T₁) were done by minimizing soil manipulation necessary for crop production or meeting the necessary tillage requirements under the existing soil and climatic conditions. In minimum tillage treatment, water was retained in the plots for several days till the soils became soft enough for transplanting rice seedlings. Conventional tillage (T2) treatment was done by country plough. The ploughing depths were 7.5-9.5 cm. After ploughing the soils were thoroughly puddled so that transplantation of rice could be done easily. The deep tillage (T3) treatment was done by chiseling 22 cm apart to a depth of 20-22 cm followed by one disc, one tiller and planking. After the harvest of the first kharif crop (rice), each unit plot was sub divided into three sub plots (8m×5m) for wheat cultivation (1991-92). The three sub plots of an unit plot were subjected to three different tillage treatments, namely, minimum (t1), conventional (t2) and deep (t3) tillage treatments. In minimum tillage (t1) treatment, the seeds were sown in the furrow made by manually pulled country plough. The soils between the rows were left undisturbed. For conventional tillage (t2), country plough was used for land preparation followed by laddering. The ploughing depths were 7.5- 9.5 cm. Deep tillage (t3) treatment was done by ploughing by chisel the soil followed by laddering, spading and planking. The ploughing depths were 20-22 cm. The treatments were selected for different plots randomly. After the harvest of wheat crop, three sub plots of an unit plot were subjected to the same tillage treatment as in case of the first rice crop. These trends of tillage treatments were followed for the subsequent cropping sequences during the course of this experiment. The experiment thus consisted of nine treatment combinations (T1t1, T1t2, T1t3, T2t1,T2t2, T2t3, T3t1, T3t2 and T3t3 ) with four replications. In kharif season thirty five days old rice seedlings of BR11 were transplanted in line with 15 cm plant to plant and 20 cm row to row spacing, During rabi season the plots were prepared by adopting the tillage treatments mentioned above and the seeds of wheat cultivar Kanchan were sown in line @ 120 kg ha-1 with 20 cm row to row spacing. Cumulative infiltration in all the above tillage treated plots was measured within a week after tillage operations using a double ring cylinder infiltrometer. The fall in the water level was measured by a point gauge. The initial reading was taken 5 minutes after the addition in the inner cylinder was stopped. A measured quantity of water was added carefully where all the initially added water entered the soil profile and the height was calculated accordingly. The cumulative infiltration was measured at an intervals of 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes and continued up to a maximum of 400 minutes. Cumulative infiltration and intake rates were computed and plotted in graphs. During the kharif season, percolation rates were measured using the same instruments. From a flooded or submerged rice field, total discharge of water for a day were recorded as percolation for that period. The textural class of Chhiata series was silty clay while that of Darshana series was silty loam. The bulk density of the surface soil (0-15 cm) were 1.42 g cm^-1 (Chhiata Series) and 1.38 g cm^-1 (Darshana Series). The organic matter content of the soil of Chhiata and Darshana series were 0.94% and 1.42%, respectively.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. & Tech. 1(2): 213-220, 1990 (July)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The influence of tillage practices in rabi season was more prominent than that of tillage practices in kharif season. Both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate increased with the increasing tillage depths in the order of minimum < conventional < deep. Infiltration rate decreased rapidly in all tillage treated plots with increasing time. However, the rate of decrease was higher in plots having higher initial rate The cumulative infiltration increased with depth of tillage practices in both the soils Loosening the pan by increasing the depth of tillage is likely to increase utilization of sub-soil water and recharge of the soil profile. During the kharif season, higher percolation rate was noticed in deep tilled plots in both the locations.

Knowledge Management: Journal