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Migration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium from Ammonium Sulphate, Superphosphate and Muriate of Potash in Two Soils of Bangladesh

A. Sobhan Howlader
Department of soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka.

A. Islam
Department of soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was performed with two soils, differing in physical and chemical properties, to study the migration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, from ammonium sulphate, superphosphate and muriate of potash. Unifromly moist soil samples were placed in wooden boxes having interior dimensions 12.7 cm×12.7 cm×22.9cm. fitted with polyethylene paper and 2.0 gms of fertilizer was placed at the central position of the box. The boxes were then sealed for keeping the moisture loss to a minimum. At the intervats of 1,3,7,15,30,60 and 90 days from the date of placement the boxes were sectioned into 5 slices and each slice were further subdivided into 25 sections so that the final sample was of 32.8 cm3 (5.08cm×2.54cm). The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was estimated in each sample separately to determine lateral and vertical movements. The percentage of nitrogen that moved in different directions was the highest and phosphorus was the least, potassium ranging between them. The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium migrated in different directions varied with soil properties. In Tejgaon clay loam, the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium migrated were less at all dates than the corresponding values in sonatala sandy loam.

Keywords: Soils of Bangladesh, Migration, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Ammonium sulphate, Superphosphate, Muriate of potash.

Location: Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To study the migration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from ammonium sulphate, superphosphate and muriate of potash placed in soils to downward, upward and lateral directions.

Methodology:

An experiment was set up in the soil science laboratories of Dacca University with two soils, one belonging to Tejgaon series and the other Sonatala series, differing in physical and chemical properties to study the migration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from ammonium sulphate, superphosphate and muriate of potash. The methods adopted for the mechanical and chemical analyses of soil are as follows: (a) Mechanical analysis : The mechanical analysis was carried out by hydrometer method as described. (b) pH was determined by Pye pH meter. The soil water ratio was 1 :2.5. (c) Organic carbon was determined volumetrically by wet oxidation method. (d) Total phosphorus was determined on an dliquot of the HCI extract of Na₂CO, fusate of the soil by the chlorostannous reduced molybdophosphoric blue colour method in sulphuric acid system. (e) Determination of total iron was carried out on an aliquot of the HCI extract of the Na₂CO₃ fusate of soil, colorimetrically by the reduction of ferric iron to ferrous iron with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and formation of a ferrus complex of orthophenanthroline. (f) Total aluminium was obtained by subtracting iron and titanium from iron, aluminium and titanium determined gravimetrically by precipitating as hydroxides. (S) Total calcium content of soil was determined on an aliquot of the HCI extracts of Na₂CO₃ fusate of soil by EDTA method as described. (h) Free iron oxide was determined nascent hydrogen reduction method. (i) Free alumina was determined by alizarin (0.576 solution) adsorption on an ignited mass of soil and subsequently extracttng the adsorbed alizarin by sodium-oxalate buffered at pH 3.5 with oxalic acid and comparing this extracted yellow solution with a standard solution of alizarin. (j) Free CaCO₃ was determined by rapid titration method as outlined. (k) Cation exchange capacity was determined by following the method described.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture? 2(1)? July 1977

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Nitrogenous, phosphatic and potashic fertilizers placed in a soil will migrate downward upto 10 cm. depth and laterally and vertically upward upto 5 cm. The amounts to be migrated will be the highest with ammonium sulphate and least with superphosphate and muriate of potash will range between them. Therefore, fertilizers be placed within 5 cm. of the root zone of crops for the best utilization). The content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was estimated in each sample separately to determine lateral and vertical movements. The percentage of nitrogen that moved in different directions was the highest and phosphorus was the least, potassium ranging between them. The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium migrated in different directions varied with soil properties. In Tejgaon clay loam, the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium migrated were less at all dates than the corresponding values in sonatala sandy loam.

Knowledge Management: Journal