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Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Its Effect on the Nutrient Utilization in Cattle

M. A. Rahman
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Z. H. Khandaker
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A. B. M. Khaleduzzaman
Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Eighteen indigenous growing cattle of two years old having initial live weight of 100 ± 4.5 kg were used to investigate the bioavailability of phosphorus from different sources (Di-calcium phosphate, Bone meal, Sesame oil cake, Mustard oil cake and Poultry liter) and its effect on the nutrient utilization and phosphorus balance of cattle. The animals were divided into 6 groups having 3 animals in each to one of group and randomly allocated into six diets in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Six dietary treatments are : T₀ (control diet), T₁ (Control + DCP), T₂ (Control + Bone meal), T₃ (Control+ mustard oil cake), T₄ (Control+ sesame oil cake) and T₅ (Control + poultry litter). The controlled diet contained 0.20% P and DCP, Bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter were added to diets T₁, T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅, respectively to elevate the dietary P level of 0.45% for meet up the deficiency. The lowest daily DM intake (g/d) was observed in animals fed on diet T₀ and the highest value was recorded for diet T₅ and significantly (P<0.05) differences were observed among the dietary treatments. The P supplementation either from DCP (T₁), bone meal (T₂), mustard oil cake (T₃), sesame oil cake (T₄) or poultry litter ((T₅) had no significant effect on organic matter (OM) and CP intake. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM were significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) affected by the supplementation of P either from DCP, bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake or from poultry litter. But the digestibility of CP, CF, NFE and EE was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the supplementation of P from these sources. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in DCP and DCF contents among the dietary treatments. The apparent absorption of P (g/100g) was significantly (P>0.05) higher for dietary groups T₂, T₃ and T₅(74.50) than T₀ (62.16), T₁ (73.15) and T₄ (70.16%). The true absorption of P for supplemented diets (T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₅) was numerically higher than the diet T₀, and T₄. P balance was significantly (P<0.01) higher for diets T₁ (9.11 g/d), T₂ (10.87 g/d), T₃ (9.65g/d), T₄ (8.62g/d) and T₅ (11.16g/d) compared to diet T₀ (2.75 g/d). The bioavailability of P from control diet, DCP, bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter were 62.16, 80.46, 81.97, 81.84.75.22 and 81.47%, respectively among the test materials. It may be concluded that bone meal, mustard oil cake and poultry litter may be used as phosphorus supplement in cattle ration.

Keywords: Bioavailability, Phosphorus, Nutrient utilization, Cattle

Location: Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2008

End Date: 00-00-2008

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To study the bioavailability of phosphorus from different sources and its effect on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and phosphorus balance of growing cattle.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Eighteen indigenous growing cattle (about two years old) having initial live weight of 100 ± 4.5 kg were used for 21 days experimental period (14 days preliminary period and 7 days collection period) in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Six experimental diets were formulated with basal ingredients, of rice straw, Dhal grass, broken maize, rice polish, soybean meal, urea and common salt. The DCP, bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter were used as P sources. The controll diet contained 0.20% P against the requirement for growing cattle of 0.39%.Di-calcium phosphate (DCP), Bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter were added to diets T₁, T₂, T₃,T₄, and T₅, respectively to elevate the dietary P level to 0.45% to meet the deficiency. The diets were almost iso-nitrogenous (CP 8.5%) and iso-energetic (ME 7.5 MJ/kg DM) but differed in the source and level of P. The nutrient requirements of animals were calculated based on the recommendations of NRC. The experimental feeds (roughages and concentrates) were offered at the rate of 3 kg DM/100 kg live weight to satisfy the DM requirement of the animals. Daily feed intake was recorded throughout the experimental period. Daily feces and urine were collected, measured and a representative sample was preserved for chemical analysis. Representative samples of feed, faeces and refused were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), ash and nitrogen free extract (NFE) following the method of AOAC. Phosphorus content of the samples (feed, feces and urine) was determined and the data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The least significance differences (P<0.05 and P<0.01) was used to compare treatment means.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2009, 38(1&2) : 33 – 41; ISSN 0003-3588

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is indicated that more P is available from DCP, bone meal, mustard oil cake, sesame oil cake and poultry litter to the animal for metabolism. Biological availability of P from monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, defluorinated phosphate, steam bone meal were 95-98, 93-95, 88-91 and 80-82%, respectively. Similarly, bone meal, ammonium phosphate and superphosphate were reported to have an equal P availability to dicalcium phosphate. From this study it may be concluded that bone meal, mustard oil cake and poultry litter may be used as phosphorus supplemental in cattle ration.

Knowledge Management: Journal