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Biological Activity of Four Ornamental Plant Leaves on Some Vegetable Seeds and Chemical Investigation of Butea Monosperma

Sona R. Roy
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

B. Roy
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Bikash C. Sarker
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

M. Nazim Uddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Prodip K. Roy
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to assay biological activity such as germination inhibition or activation; root and shoot lengths growth inhibition or enhancement of aqueous extracts of some ornamental plants leaves and to identify the bioactive compounds. The aqueous extract of Butea monosperma significantly enhanced germination (35.2 to 12 %) and growth of root length (153.3 to 47.1 %) and shoot length (66.8 to 23.0%) of the vegetables (Impoea aquatic, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita moschata, Citrullus lanatus and Vigna sesquipedalis). A thin layer chromatography (TLC) examination of chloroform extract of B. monosperma showed four distinct spots (hexane: ethyl acetate::5:1). Three compounds were isolated by preparative TLC. To determine the structures of these compounds NMR, IR and Mass spectroscopic studies will be done in the due course.

Keywords: Biological activity, Ornamental plant, Chemical investigation, Butea monosperma

Location: Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-05-2009

End Date: 00-04-2010

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Bio fertilizer

Objectives:

1. To check the biological activity of leaves of some ornamental plants and to isolate biological active compounds.

Methodology:

An easy bioassay experiment was conducted at the lab of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur from May 2009 to April 2010. For this assay leaves of parrot tree (B. monosperma), arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac), china box (Murraya exotica) and indian medlar (Mimusops elengi) were used. The leaves were extracted and applied on the seeds of swamp cabbage (I. aquatic), cucumber (C. sativus), pumpkin/squash (C. moschata), water melon (C. lanatus), and yardlong bean (V. sesquipedalis) crops to observe germination and growth performances. Extract preparation: For preparation of aqueous extracts of above mentioned plants, 100 gm of fresh leaves was cut into smaller pieces and blended them using 500 mL water to make aqueous slurry. The slurry was filtered through screen first, and then Whatmann filter paper No.1 to remove waste. After removing waste the aqueous extracts were used to check of biological activity. Biologically activity checking by petridish method: Petridish experiment was done for observation of germination percentage; shoot and root growth of the vegetable crops. For this experiment, clean petridish with two sheets of filter papers was used to grow crops. Fifteen mL of each aqueous extract was poured in each petridish, while water was used as control with five times replications. Twenty five seeds were put on each petridish and kept them to grow for 7 to 15 days. After sprouting the seeds, germination percentages were recorded each day by counting the sprouted seeds. The root and shoot lengths were also recorded by measuring with a ruler at the end day of the experiment for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis and identification of effective aqueous extract: For identification of effective extract, statistical analysis was done on different parameters (such as, germination percentages, root and shoot lengths) using the computer software MSTAT-C. After analyzing the data, it was identified that the aqueous extract of B. monosperma was the biologically active extract. This biological active extract was used for further chemical investigation to identify bioactive compounds. Chemical investigation: For isolation of bioactive compounds from the effective extract, 2.5 kg of fresh leaves of B. monosperma was dried and grinded to make powder. Hundred g of powder from the stock was soaked in 250 mL chloroform for 72 hours with regular interval of shaking to dissolve compounds in chloroform. It was filtered through Whatmann filter paper No.1, and the filtrate was then evaporated by using Thin Film Rotary Evaporator under reduced pressure to get crude. A very small amount of this crude was used to develop color of compounds on normal phase silica thin layer chromatography (TLC). After preliminary TLC test, the identified compounds were separated individually from the crude mixture by preparative TLC. Thirty mg of crude was dissolved in chloroform and spotted on this plate with capillary tube. This plate was then put in the tank containing the solvent system (hexane:ethyl acetate::5:1) to develop bands of compounds. The band of the each compound was cut and dissolved in ethyl acetate and stirred by magnetic stirrer and then filtered through Whatmann filter paper no. 1. The filtrate was then evaporated by rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to get purified compounds. These compounds were then stored in refrigerator for further NMR, IR, mass analyses to elucidate the structure.

Source of Information: J. Agrofor. Environ. 5 (2): 63-66, 2011; ISSN 1995-6983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The aqueous extract of leaves of B. monosperma enhanced germination and growth of root and shoot lengths of I. aquatica, C. sativus, C. moschata, C. lanatus, and V. sesquipedalis. This study indicates that the leaves of B. monosperma might contain biological active compounds for this kind of germination and growth enhancement activity.

Knowledge Management: Journal